837 lines
15 KiB
Plaintext
837 lines
15 KiB
Plaintext
{
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"cells": [
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"## Kollekciók"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"### [Halmaz](https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#set-types-set-frozenset)\n",
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"\n",
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"- A halmaz adattípus a matematikai halmazfogalom számítógépes megfelelője.\n",
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"- Halmazt indexelni nem lehet, a tartalmazásvizsgálat O(1) időben fut le."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 1,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# Hozzunk létre egy s nevű halmazváltozót!\n",
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"s = {10, 20, 30}"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 2,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"(set, 3)"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 2,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"# Ellenőrizzük s típusát és elemszámát!\n",
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"type(s), len(s)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 3,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"True"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 3,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"# Tartalmazásvizsgálat.\n",
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"20 in s"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 4,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"False"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 4,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"21 in s"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 5,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# Elem hozzáadása a halmazhoz.\n",
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"s.add(40)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 6,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"{10, 20, 30, 40}"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 6,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"s"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 7,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 7,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"# Halmazműveletek.\n",
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"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5} | {4, 5, 6, 7} # unió"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 8,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"{4, 5}"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 8,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5} & {4, 5, 6, 7} # metszet"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 9,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"{1, 2, 3}"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 9,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5} - {4, 5, 6, 7} # kivonás"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 10,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"{6, 7}"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 10,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"{4, 5, 6, 7} - {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 11,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"{10, 2.5, 'alma'}"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 11,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"# Az elemek típusa nem feltétlenül azonos.\n",
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"{10, 2.5, 'alma'}"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 12,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"{(20, 30), 10, 2.5, 'alma'}"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 12,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"# A halmazba bármilyen nem módosítható típusú elemet be lehet tenni.\n",
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"{10, 2.5, 'alma', (20, 30)}"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 13,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"ename": "TypeError",
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"evalue": "unhashable type: 'list'",
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"output_type": "error",
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"traceback": [
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"\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
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"\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m Traceback (most recent call last)",
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"Cell \u001b[1;32mIn[13], line 2\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 1\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;66;03m# ...módosíthatót viszont nem lehet!\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 2\u001b[0m {\u001b[38;5;241m10\u001b[39m, \u001b[38;5;241m2.5\u001b[39m, \u001b[38;5;124m'\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124malma\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m'\u001b[39m, [\u001b[38;5;241m20\u001b[39m, \u001b[38;5;241m30\u001b[39m]}\n",
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"\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: unhashable type: 'list'"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"# ...módosíthatót viszont nem lehet!\n",
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"{10, 2.5, 'alma', [20, 30]}"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 14,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# Elem eltávolítása.\n",
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"s = {20, 30, 40}\n",
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"s.remove(20)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 15,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"{30, 40}"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 15,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"s"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 16,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"40\n",
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"20\n",
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"30\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"# Iterálás egy halmaz elemein (a sorrend meglepő is lehet).\n",
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"s = {20, 30, 40}\n",
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"for x in s:\n",
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" print(x)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 17,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"set()"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 17,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"# Üres halmaz létrehozása.\n",
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"set()"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"### [Szótár](https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#mapping-types-dict)\n",
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"\n",
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"- A szótár kulcs-érték párok halmaza, ahol a kulcsok egyediek.\n",
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"- A kulcs lehet egyszerű típus, tuple vagy bármely módosíthatatlan adatszerkezet.\n",
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"- Indexelni a kulccsal lehet, O(1) időben."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 18,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# Hozzunk létre egy d nevű szótárváltozót!\n",
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"d = {'a': 10, 'b': 20}"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 19,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"{'a': 10, 'b': 20}"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 19,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"d"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 20,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"dict"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 20,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"# Ellenőrizzük le d típusát és elemszámát!\n",
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"type(d)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 21,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"2"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 21,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"len(d)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 22,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"20"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 22,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"# Létező kulcshoz tartozó érték lekérdezése.\n",
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"d['b']"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 23,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"ename": "KeyError",
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"evalue": "'banán'",
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"output_type": "error",
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"traceback": [
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"\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
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"\u001b[1;31mKeyError\u001b[0m Traceback (most recent call last)",
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"Cell \u001b[1;32mIn[23], line 2\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 1\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;66;03m# Nem létező kulcshoz tartozó érték lekérdezése.\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 2\u001b[0m d[\u001b[38;5;124m'\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124mbanán\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m'\u001b[39m]\n",
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"\u001b[1;31mKeyError\u001b[0m: 'banán'"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
|
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"# Nem létező kulcshoz tartozó érték lekérdezése.\n",
|
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"d['banán']"
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]
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},
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{
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|
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 24,
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|
"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
|
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"source": [
|
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"# Kulcshoz tartozó érték módosítása.\n",
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"d['a'] = 100"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 25,
|
|
"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
|
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"{'a': 100, 'b': 20}"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 25,
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"d"
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]
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},
|
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 26,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
|
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"# Új kulcs-érték pár beszúrása.\n",
|
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"d['cc'] = 'valami'"
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]
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},
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{
|
|
"cell_type": "code",
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|
"execution_count": 27,
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"outputs": [
|
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{
|
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"data": {
|
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"text/plain": [
|
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"{'a': 100, 'b': 20, 'cc': 'valami'}"
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|
]
|
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},
|
|
"execution_count": 27,
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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|
}
|
|
],
|
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"source": [
|
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"d"
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|
]
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|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "code",
|
|
"execution_count": 28,
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|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"outputs": [],
|
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"source": [
|
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"# Kulcs-érték pár törlése.\n",
|
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"del d['b']"
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]
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},
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{
|
|
"cell_type": "code",
|
|
"execution_count": 29,
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"outputs": [
|
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
|
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"{'a': 100, 'cc': 'valami'}"
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
"execution_count": 29,
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"output_type": "execute_result"
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"source": [
|
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"d"
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|
]
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "code",
|
|
"execution_count": 30,
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"outputs": [
|
|
{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
|
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"True"
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]
|
|
},
|
|
"execution_count": 30,
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"output_type": "execute_result"
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
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"source": [
|
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"# Benne van-e egy kulcs a szótárban?\n",
|
|
"'cc' in d"
|
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]
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "code",
|
|
"execution_count": 31,
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
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"outputs": [
|
|
{
|
|
"data": {
|
|
"text/plain": [
|
|
"False"
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
"execution_count": 31,
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"output_type": "execute_result"
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"source": [
|
|
"'xx' in d"
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "code",
|
|
"execution_count": 32,
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"outputs": [
|
|
{
|
|
"data": {
|
|
"text/plain": [
|
|
"False"
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
"execution_count": 32,
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"output_type": "execute_result"
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"source": [
|
|
"100 in d"
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "code",
|
|
"execution_count": 33,
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"outputs": [
|
|
{
|
|
"data": {
|
|
"text/plain": [
|
|
"{(10, 20): 'sör', (30, 40): 'bor'}"
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
"execution_count": 33,
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"output_type": "execute_result"
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"source": [
|
|
"# Akár tuple is lehet szótárkulcs.\n",
|
|
"{(10, 20): 'sör', (30, 40): 'bor'}"
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "code",
|
|
"execution_count": 34,
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"outputs": [
|
|
{
|
|
"name": "stdout",
|
|
"output_type": "stream",
|
|
"text": [
|
|
"a\n",
|
|
"b\n",
|
|
"c\n"
|
|
]
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"source": [
|
|
"# Iterálás egy szótár elemein.\n",
|
|
"d = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",
|
|
"for x in d:\n",
|
|
" # x-ben csak az aktuális kulcs van.\n",
|
|
" print(x)"
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "code",
|
|
"execution_count": 35,
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"outputs": [
|
|
{
|
|
"name": "stdout",
|
|
"output_type": "stream",
|
|
"text": [
|
|
"a 1\n",
|
|
"b 2\n",
|
|
"c 3\n"
|
|
]
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"source": [
|
|
"# Iterálás egy szótár elemein.\n",
|
|
"d = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",
|
|
"for x in d:\n",
|
|
" # Most a kulcsokhoz tartozó értékeket is kiírjuk.\n",
|
|
" print(x, d[x])"
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "code",
|
|
"execution_count": 36,
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"outputs": [
|
|
{
|
|
"data": {
|
|
"text/plain": [
|
|
"{}"
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
"execution_count": 36,
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"output_type": "execute_result"
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"source": [
|
|
"# Üres szótár létrehozása.\n",
|
|
"{}"
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "markdown",
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"source": [
|
|
"## Konverzió\n",
|
|
"\n",
|
|
"Ezen adattípusok nevei is használhatók függvényként az adott adattípusra való konvertálásra, amennyiben a konverziónak van értelme."
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "code",
|
|
"execution_count": 37,
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"outputs": [
|
|
{
|
|
"data": {
|
|
"text/plain": [
|
|
"{1, 2}"
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
"execution_count": 37,
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"output_type": "execute_result"
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"source": [
|
|
"set((1, 1, 2)) # tuple => set"
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "code",
|
|
"execution_count": 38,
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"outputs": [
|
|
{
|
|
"data": {
|
|
"text/plain": [
|
|
"{1, 2}"
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
"execution_count": 38,
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"output_type": "execute_result"
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"source": [
|
|
"set([1, 1, 2]) # list => set"
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "code",
|
|
"execution_count": 39,
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"outputs": [
|
|
{
|
|
"data": {
|
|
"text/plain": [
|
|
"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}"
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
"execution_count": 39,
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"output_type": "execute_result"
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"source": [
|
|
"dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)]) # párok listája => dict"
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "code",
|
|
"execution_count": 40,
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"outputs": [
|
|
{
|
|
"data": {
|
|
"text/plain": [
|
|
"['a', 'b']"
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
"execution_count": 40,
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"output_type": "execute_result"
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"source": [
|
|
"list({'a': 1, 'b': 2}) # szótárkulcsok listája"
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "code",
|
|
"execution_count": 41,
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"outputs": [
|
|
{
|
|
"data": {
|
|
"text/plain": [
|
|
"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]"
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
"execution_count": 41,
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"output_type": "execute_result"
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"source": [
|
|
"list({'a': 1, 'b': 2}.items()) # dict => párok listája"
|
|
]
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"metadata": {
|
|
"kernelspec": {
|
|
"display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
|
|
"language": "python",
|
|
"name": "python3"
|
|
},
|
|
"language_info": {
|
|
"codemirror_mode": {
|
|
"name": "ipython",
|
|
"version": 3
|
|
},
|
|
"file_extension": ".py",
|
|
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
|
|
"name": "python",
|
|
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
|
|
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
|
|
"version": "3.11.3"
|
|
}
|
|
},
|
|
"nbformat": 4,
|
|
"nbformat_minor": 2
|
|
}
|