I am done

rl/Lib/site-packages/sympy/functions/elementary/tests/test_exponential.py

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+from sympy.assumptions.refine import refine
+from sympy.calculus.accumulationbounds import AccumBounds
+from sympy.concrete.products import Product
+from sympy.concrete.summations import Sum
+from sympy.core.function import expand_log
+from sympy.core.numbers import (E, Float, I, Rational, nan, oo, pi, zoo)
+from sympy.core.power import Pow
+from sympy.core.singleton import S
+from sympy.core.symbol import (Symbol, symbols)
+from sympy.functions.elementary.complexes import (adjoint, conjugate, re, sign, transpose)
+from sympy.functions.elementary.exponential import (LambertW, exp, exp_polar, log)
+from sympy.functions.elementary.hyperbolic import (cosh, sinh, tanh)
+from sympy.functions.elementary.miscellaneous import sqrt
+from sympy.functions.elementary.trigonometric import (cos, sin, tan)
+from sympy.matrices.expressions.matexpr import MatrixSymbol
+from sympy.polys.polytools import gcd
+from sympy.series.order import O
+from sympy.simplify.simplify import simplify
+from sympy.core.parameters import global_parameters
+from sympy.functions.elementary.exponential import match_real_imag
+from sympy.abc import x, y, z
+from sympy.core.expr import unchanged
+from sympy.core.function import ArgumentIndexError
+from sympy.testing.pytest import raises, XFAIL, _both_exp_pow
+
+
+@_both_exp_pow
+def test_exp_values():
+    if global_parameters.exp_is_pow:
+        assert type(exp(x)) is Pow
+    else:
+        assert type(exp(x)) is exp
+
+    k = Symbol('k', integer=True)
+
+    assert exp(nan) is nan
+
+    assert exp(oo) is oo
+    assert exp(-oo) == 0
+
+    assert exp(0) == 1
+    assert exp(1) == E
+    assert exp(-1 + x).as_base_exp() == (S.Exp1, x - 1)
+    assert exp(1 + x).as_base_exp() == (S.Exp1, x + 1)
+
+    assert exp(pi*I/2) == I
+    assert exp(pi*I) == -1
+    assert exp(pi*I*Rational(3, 2)) == -I
+    assert exp(2*pi*I) == 1
+
+    assert refine(exp(pi*I*2*k)) == 1
+    assert refine(exp(pi*I*2*(k + S.Half))) == -1
+    assert refine(exp(pi*I*2*(k + Rational(1, 4)))) == I
+    assert refine(exp(pi*I*2*(k + Rational(3, 4)))) == -I
+
+    assert exp(log(x)) == x
+    assert exp(2*log(x)) == x**2
+    assert exp(pi*log(x)) == x**pi
+
+    assert exp(17*log(x) + E*log(y)) == x**17 * y**E
+
+    assert exp(x*log(x)) != x**x
+    assert exp(sin(x)*log(x)) != x
+
+    assert exp(3*log(x) + oo*x) == exp(oo*x) * x**3
+    assert exp(4*log(x)*log(y) + 3*log(x)) == x**3 * exp(4*log(x)*log(y))
+
+    assert exp(-oo, evaluate=False).is_finite is True
+    assert exp(oo, evaluate=False).is_finite is False
+
+
+@_both_exp_pow
+def test_exp_period():
+    assert exp(I*pi*Rational(9, 4)) == exp(I*pi/4)
+    assert exp(I*pi*Rational(46, 18)) == exp(I*pi*Rational(5, 9))
+    assert exp(I*pi*Rational(25, 7)) == exp(I*pi*Rational(-3, 7))
+    assert exp(I*pi*Rational(-19, 3)) == exp(-I*pi/3)
+    assert exp(I*pi*Rational(37, 8)) - exp(I*pi*Rational(-11, 8)) == 0
+    assert exp(I*pi*Rational(-5, 3)) / exp(I*pi*Rational(11, 5)) * exp(I*pi*Rational(148, 15)) == 1
+
+    assert exp(2 - I*pi*Rational(17, 5)) == exp(2 + I*pi*Rational(3, 5))
+    assert exp(log(3) + I*pi*Rational(29, 9)) == 3 * exp(I*pi*Rational(-7, 9))
+
+    n = Symbol('n', integer=True)
+    e = Symbol('e', even=True)
+    assert exp(e*I*pi) == 1
+    assert exp((e + 1)*I*pi) == -1
+    assert exp((1 + 4*n)*I*pi/2) == I
+    assert exp((-1 + 4*n)*I*pi/2) == -I
+
+
+@_both_exp_pow
+def test_exp_log():
+    x = Symbol("x", real=True)
+    assert log(exp(x)) == x
+    assert exp(log(x)) == x
+
+    if not global_parameters.exp_is_pow:
+        assert log(x).inverse() == exp
+        assert exp(x).inverse() == log
+
+    y = Symbol("y", polar=True)
+    assert log(exp_polar(z)) == z
+    assert exp(log(y)) == y
+
+
+@_both_exp_pow
+def test_exp_expand():
+    e = exp(log(Rational(2))*(1 + x) - log(Rational(2))*x)
+    assert e.expand() == 2
+    assert exp(x + y) != exp(x)*exp(y)
+    assert exp(x + y).expand() == exp(x)*exp(y)
+
+
+@_both_exp_pow
+def test_exp__as_base_exp():
+    assert exp(x).as_base_exp() == (E, x)
+    assert exp(2*x).as_base_exp() == (E, 2*x)
+    assert exp(x*y).as_base_exp() == (E, x*y)
+    assert exp(-x).as_base_exp() == (E, -x)
+
+    # Pow( *expr.as_base_exp() ) == expr    invariant should hold
+    assert E**x == exp(x)
+    assert E**(2*x) == exp(2*x)
+    assert E**(x*y) == exp(x*y)
+
+    assert exp(x).base is S.Exp1
+    assert exp(x).exp == x
+
+
+@_both_exp_pow
+def test_exp_infinity():
+    assert exp(I*y) != nan
+    assert refine(exp(I*oo)) is nan
+    assert refine(exp(-I*oo)) is nan
+    assert exp(y*I*oo) != nan
+    assert exp(zoo) is nan
+    x = Symbol('x', extended_real=True, finite=False)
+    assert exp(x).is_complex is None
+
+
+@_both_exp_pow
+def test_exp_subs():
+    x = Symbol('x')
+    e = (exp(3*log(x), evaluate=False))  # evaluates to x**3
+    assert e.subs(x**3, y**3) == e
+    assert e.subs(x**2, 5) == e
+    assert (x**3).subs(x**2, y) != y**Rational(3, 2)
+    assert exp(exp(x) + exp(x**2)).subs(exp(exp(x)), y) == y * exp(exp(x**2))
+    assert exp(x).subs(E, y) == y**x
+    x = symbols('x', real=True)
+    assert exp(5*x).subs(exp(7*x), y) == y**Rational(5, 7)
+    assert exp(2*x + 7).subs(exp(3*x), y) == y**Rational(2, 3) * exp(7)
+    x = symbols('x', positive=True)
+    assert exp(3*log(x)).subs(x**2, y) == y**Rational(3, 2)
+    # differentiate between E and exp
+    assert exp(exp(x + E)).subs(exp, 3) == 3**(3**(x + E))
+    assert exp(exp(x + E)).subs(exp, sin) == sin(sin(x + E))
+    assert exp(exp(x + E)).subs(E, 3) == 3**(3**(x + 3))
+    assert exp(3).subs(E, sin) == sin(3)
+
+
+def test_exp_adjoint():
+    assert adjoint(exp(x)) == exp(adjoint(x))
+
+
+def test_exp_conjugate():
+    assert conjugate(exp(x)) == exp(conjugate(x))
+
+
+@_both_exp_pow
+def test_exp_transpose():
+    assert transpose(exp(x)) == exp(transpose(x))
+
+
+@_both_exp_pow
+def test_exp_rewrite():
+    assert exp(x).rewrite(sin) == sinh(x) + cosh(x)
+    assert exp(x*I).rewrite(cos) == cos(x) + I*sin(x)
+    assert exp(1).rewrite(cos) == sinh(1) + cosh(1)
+    assert exp(1).rewrite(sin) == sinh(1) + cosh(1)
+    assert exp(1).rewrite(sin) == sinh(1) + cosh(1)
+    assert exp(x).rewrite(tanh) == (1 + tanh(x/2))/(1 - tanh(x/2))
+    assert exp(pi*I/4).rewrite(sqrt) == sqrt(2)/2 + sqrt(2)*I/2
+    assert exp(pi*I/3).rewrite(sqrt) == S.Half + sqrt(3)*I/2
+    if not global_parameters.exp_is_pow:
+        assert exp(x*log(y)).rewrite(Pow) == y**x
+        assert exp(log(x)*log(y)).rewrite(Pow) in [x**log(y), y**log(x)]
+        assert exp(log(log(x))*y).rewrite(Pow) == log(x)**y
+
+    n = Symbol('n', integer=True)
+
+    assert Sum((exp(pi*I/2)/2)**n, (n, 0, oo)).rewrite(sqrt).doit() == Rational(4, 5) + I*2/5
+    assert Sum((exp(pi*I/4)/2)**n, (n, 0, oo)).rewrite(sqrt).doit() == 1/(1 - sqrt(2)*(1 + I)/4)
+    assert (Sum((exp(pi*I/3)/2)**n, (n, 0, oo)).rewrite(sqrt).doit().cancel()
+            == 4*I/(sqrt(3) + 3*I))
+
+
+@_both_exp_pow
+def test_exp_leading_term():
+    assert exp(x).as_leading_term(x) == 1
+    assert exp(2 + x).as_leading_term(x) == exp(2)
+    assert exp((2*x + 3) / (x+1)).as_leading_term(x) == exp(3)
+
+    # The following tests are commented, since now SymPy returns the
+    # original function when the leading term in the series expansion does
+    # not exist.
+    # raises(NotImplementedError, lambda: exp(1/x).as_leading_term(x))
+    # raises(NotImplementedError, lambda: exp((x + 1) / x**2).as_leading_term(x))
+    # raises(NotImplementedError, lambda: exp(x + 1/x).as_leading_term(x))
+
+
+@_both_exp_pow
+def test_exp_taylor_term():
+    x = symbols('x')
+    assert exp(x).taylor_term(1, x) == x
+    assert exp(x).taylor_term(3, x) == x**3/6
+    assert exp(x).taylor_term(4, x) == x**4/24
+    assert exp(x).taylor_term(-1, x) is S.Zero
+
+
+def test_exp_MatrixSymbol():
+    A = MatrixSymbol("A", 2, 2)
+    assert exp(A).has(exp)
+
+
+def test_exp_fdiff():
+    x = Symbol('x')
+    raises(ArgumentIndexError, lambda: exp(x).fdiff(2))
+
+
+def test_log_values():
+    assert log(nan) is nan
+
+    assert log(oo) is oo
+    assert log(-oo) is oo
+
+    assert log(zoo) is zoo
+    assert log(-zoo) is zoo
+
+    assert log(0) is zoo
+
+    assert log(1) == 0
+    assert log(-1) == I*pi
+
+    assert log(E) == 1
+    assert log(-E).expand() == 1 + I*pi
+
+    assert unchanged(log, pi)
+    assert log(-pi).expand() == log(pi) + I*pi
+
+    assert unchanged(log, 17)
+    assert log(-17) == log(17) + I*pi
+
+    assert log(I) == I*pi/2
+    assert log(-I) == -I*pi/2
+
+    assert log(17*I) == I*pi/2 + log(17)
+    assert log(-17*I).expand() == -I*pi/2 + log(17)
+
+    assert log(oo*I) is oo
+    assert log(-oo*I) is oo
+    assert log(0, 2) is zoo
+    assert log(0, 5) is zoo
+
+    assert exp(-log(3))**(-1) == 3
+
+    assert log(S.Half) == -log(2)
+    assert log(2*3).func is log
+    assert log(2*3**2).func is log
+
+
+def test_match_real_imag():
+    x, y = symbols('x,y', real=True)
+    i = Symbol('i', imaginary=True)
+    assert match_real_imag(S.One) == (1, 0)
+    assert match_real_imag(I) == (0, 1)
+    assert match_real_imag(3 - 5*I) == (3, -5)
+    assert match_real_imag(-sqrt(3) + S.Half*I) == (-sqrt(3), S.Half)
+    assert match_real_imag(x + y*I) == (x, y)
+    assert match_real_imag(x*I + y*I) == (0, x + y)
+    assert match_real_imag((x + y)*I) == (0, x + y)
+    assert match_real_imag(Rational(-2, 3)*i*I) == (None, None)
+    assert match_real_imag(1 - 2*i) == (None, None)
+    assert match_real_imag(sqrt(2)*(3 - 5*I)) == (None, None)
+
+
+def test_log_exact():
+    # check for pi/2, pi/3, pi/4, pi/6, pi/8, pi/12; pi/5, pi/10:
+    for n in range(-23, 24):
+        if gcd(n, 24) != 1:
+            assert log(exp(n*I*pi/24).rewrite(sqrt)) == n*I*pi/24
+        for n in range(-9, 10):
+            assert log(exp(n*I*pi/10).rewrite(sqrt)) == n*I*pi/10
+
+    assert log(S.Half - I*sqrt(3)/2) == -I*pi/3
+    assert log(Rational(-1, 2) + I*sqrt(3)/2) == I*pi*Rational(2, 3)
+    assert log(-sqrt(2)/2 - I*sqrt(2)/2) == -I*pi*Rational(3, 4)
+    assert log(-sqrt(3)/2 - I*S.Half) == -I*pi*Rational(5, 6)
+
+    assert log(Rational(-1, 4) + sqrt(5)/4 - I*sqrt(sqrt(5)/8 + Rational(5, 8))) == -I*pi*Rational(2, 5)
+    assert log(sqrt(Rational(5, 8) - sqrt(5)/8) + I*(Rational(1, 4) + sqrt(5)/4)) == I*pi*Rational(3, 10)
+    assert log(-sqrt(sqrt(2)/4 + S.Half) + I*sqrt(S.Half - sqrt(2)/4)) == I*pi*Rational(7, 8)
+    assert log(-sqrt(6)/4 - sqrt(2)/4 + I*(-sqrt(6)/4 + sqrt(2)/4)) == -I*pi*Rational(11, 12)
+
+    assert log(-1 + I*sqrt(3)) == log(2) + I*pi*Rational(2, 3)
+    assert log(5 + 5*I) == log(5*sqrt(2)) + I*pi/4
+    assert log(sqrt(-12)) == log(2*sqrt(3)) + I*pi/2
+    assert log(-sqrt(6) + sqrt(2) - I*sqrt(6) - I*sqrt(2)) == log(4) - I*pi*Rational(7, 12)
+    assert log(-sqrt(6-3*sqrt(2)) - I*sqrt(6+3*sqrt(2))) == log(2*sqrt(3)) - I*pi*Rational(5, 8)
+    assert log(1 + I*sqrt(2-sqrt(2))/sqrt(2+sqrt(2))) == log(2/sqrt(sqrt(2) + 2)) + I*pi/8
+    assert log(cos(pi*Rational(7, 12)) + I*sin(pi*Rational(7, 12))) == I*pi*Rational(7, 12)
+    assert log(cos(pi*Rational(6, 5)) + I*sin(pi*Rational(6, 5))) == I*pi*Rational(-4, 5)
+
+    assert log(5*(1 + I)/sqrt(2)) == log(5) + I*pi/4
+    assert log(sqrt(2)*(-sqrt(3) + 1 - sqrt(3)*I - I)) == log(4) - I*pi*Rational(7, 12)
+    assert log(-sqrt(2)*(1 - I*sqrt(3))) == log(2*sqrt(2)) + I*pi*Rational(2, 3)
+    assert log(sqrt(3)*I*(-sqrt(6 - 3*sqrt(2)) - I*sqrt(3*sqrt(2) + 6))) == log(6) - I*pi/8
+
+    zero = (1 + sqrt(2))**2 - 3 - 2*sqrt(2)
+    assert log(zero - I*sqrt(3)) == log(sqrt(3)) - I*pi/2
+    assert unchanged(log, zero + I*zero) or log(zero + zero*I) is zoo
+
+    # bail quickly if no obvious simplification is possible:
+    assert unchanged(log, (sqrt(2)-1/sqrt(sqrt(3)+I))**1000)
+    # beware of non-real coefficients
+    assert unchanged(log, sqrt(2-sqrt(5))*(1 + I))
+
+
+def test_log_base():
+    assert log(1, 2) == 0
+    assert log(2, 2) == 1
+    assert log(3, 2) == log(3)/log(2)
+    assert log(6, 2) == 1 + log(3)/log(2)
+    assert log(6, 3) == 1 + log(2)/log(3)
+    assert log(2**3, 2) == 3
+    assert log(3**3, 3) == 3
+    assert log(5, 1) is zoo
+    assert log(1, 1) is nan
+    assert log(Rational(2, 3), 10) == log(Rational(2, 3))/log(10)
+    assert log(Rational(2, 3), Rational(1, 3)) == -log(2)/log(3) + 1
+    assert log(Rational(2, 3), Rational(2, 5)) == \
+        log(Rational(2, 3))/log(Rational(2, 5))
+    # issue 17148
+    assert log(Rational(8, 3), 2) == -log(3)/log(2) + 3
+
+
+def test_log_symbolic():
+    assert log(x, exp(1)) == log(x)
+    assert log(exp(x)) != x
+
+    assert log(x, exp(1)) == log(x)
+    assert log(x*y) != log(x) + log(y)
+    assert log(x/y).expand() != log(x) - log(y)
+    assert log(x/y).expand(force=True) == log(x) - log(y)
+    assert log(x**y).expand() != y*log(x)
+    assert log(x**y).expand(force=True) == y*log(x)
+
+    assert log(x, 2) == log(x)/log(2)
+    assert log(E, 2) == 1/log(2)
+
+    p, q = symbols('p,q', positive=True)
+    r = Symbol('r', real=True)
+
+    assert log(p**2) != 2*log(p)
+    assert log(p**2).expand() == 2*log(p)
+    assert log(x**2).expand() != 2*log(x)
+    assert log(p**q) != q*log(p)
+    assert log(exp(p)) == p
+    assert log(p*q) != log(p) + log(q)
+    assert log(p*q).expand() == log(p) + log(q)
+
+    assert log(-sqrt(3)) == log(sqrt(3)) + I*pi
+    assert log(-exp(p)) != p + I*pi
+    assert log(-exp(x)).expand() != x + I*pi
+    assert log(-exp(r)).expand() == r + I*pi
+
+    assert log(x**y) != y*log(x)
+
+    assert (log(x**-5)**-1).expand() != -1/log(x)/5
+    assert (log(p**-5)**-1).expand() == -1/log(p)/5
+    assert log(-x).func is log and log(-x).args[0] == -x
+    assert log(-p).func is log and log(-p).args[0] == -p
+
+
+def test_log_exp():
+    assert log(exp(4*I*pi)) == 0     # exp evaluates
+    assert log(exp(-5*I*pi)) == I*pi # exp evaluates
+    assert log(exp(I*pi*Rational(19, 4))) == I*pi*Rational(3, 4)
+    assert log(exp(I*pi*Rational(25, 7))) == I*pi*Rational(-3, 7)
+    assert log(exp(-5*I)) == -5*I + 2*I*pi
+
+
+@_both_exp_pow
+def test_exp_assumptions():
+    r = Symbol('r', real=True)
+    i = Symbol('i', imaginary=True)
+    for e in exp, exp_polar:
+        assert e(x).is_real is None
+        assert e(x).is_imaginary is None
+        assert e(i).is_real is None
+        assert e(i).is_imaginary is None
+        assert e(r).is_real is True
+        assert e(r).is_imaginary is False
+        assert e(re(x)).is_extended_real is True
+        assert e(re(x)).is_imaginary is False
+
+    assert Pow(E, I*pi, evaluate=False).is_imaginary == False
+    assert Pow(E, 2*I*pi, evaluate=False).is_imaginary == False
+    assert Pow(E, I*pi/2, evaluate=False).is_imaginary == True
+    assert Pow(E, I*pi/3, evaluate=False).is_imaginary is None
+
+    assert exp(0, evaluate=False).is_algebraic
+
+    a = Symbol('a', algebraic=True)
+    an = Symbol('an', algebraic=True, nonzero=True)
+    r = Symbol('r', rational=True)
+    rn = Symbol('rn', rational=True, nonzero=True)
+    assert exp(a).is_algebraic is None
+    assert exp(an).is_algebraic is False
+    assert exp(pi*r).is_algebraic is None
+    assert exp(pi*rn).is_algebraic is False
+
+    assert exp(0, evaluate=False).is_algebraic is True
+    assert exp(I*pi/3, evaluate=False).is_algebraic is True
+    assert exp(I*pi*r, evaluate=False).is_algebraic is True
+
+
+@_both_exp_pow
+def test_exp_AccumBounds():
+    assert exp(AccumBounds(1, 2)) == AccumBounds(E, E**2)
+
+
+def test_log_assumptions():
+    p = symbols('p', positive=True)
+    n = symbols('n', negative=True)
+    z = symbols('z', zero=True)
+    x = symbols('x', infinite=True, extended_positive=True)
+
+    assert log(z).is_positive is False
+    assert log(x).is_extended_positive is True
+    assert log(2) > 0
+    assert log(1, evaluate=False).is_zero
+    assert log(1 + z).is_zero
+    assert log(p).is_zero is None
+    assert log(n).is_zero is False
+    assert log(0.5).is_negative is True
+    assert log(exp(p) + 1).is_positive
+
+    assert log(1, evaluate=False).is_algebraic
+    assert log(42, evaluate=False).is_algebraic is False
+
+    assert log(1 + z).is_rational
+
+
+def test_log_hashing():
+    assert x != log(log(x))
+    assert hash(x) != hash(log(log(x)))
+    assert log(x) != log(log(log(x)))
+
+    e = 1/log(log(x) + log(log(x)))
+    assert e.base.func is log
+    e = 1/log(log(x) + log(log(log(x))))
+    assert e.base.func is log
+
+    e = log(log(x))
+    assert e.func is log
+    assert x.func is not log
+    assert hash(log(log(x))) != hash(x)
+    assert e != x
+
+
+def test_log_sign():
+    assert sign(log(2)) == 1
+
+
+def test_log_expand_complex():
+    assert log(1 + I).expand(complex=True) == log(2)/2 + I*pi/4
+    assert log(1 - sqrt(2)).expand(complex=True) == log(sqrt(2) - 1) + I*pi
+
+
+def test_log_apply_evalf():
+    value = (log(3)/log(2) - 1).evalf()
+    assert value.epsilon_eq(Float("0.58496250072115618145373"))
+
+
+def test_log_leading_term():
+    p = Symbol('p')
+
+    # Test for STEP 3
+    assert log(1 + x + x**2).as_leading_term(x, cdir=1) == x
+    # Test for STEP 4
+    assert log(2*x).as_leading_term(x, cdir=1) == log(x) + log(2)
+    assert log(2*x).as_leading_term(x, cdir=-1) == log(x) + log(2)
+    assert log(-2*x).as_leading_term(x, cdir=1, logx=p) == p + log(2) + I*pi
+    assert log(-2*x).as_leading_term(x, cdir=-1, logx=p) == p + log(2) - I*pi
+    # Test for STEP 5
+    assert log(-2*x + (3 - I)*x**2).as_leading_term(x, cdir=1) == log(x) + log(2) - I*pi
+    assert log(-2*x + (3 - I)*x**2).as_leading_term(x, cdir=-1) == log(x) + log(2) - I*pi
+    assert log(2*x + (3 - I)*x**2).as_leading_term(x, cdir=1) == log(x) + log(2)
+    assert log(2*x + (3 - I)*x**2).as_leading_term(x, cdir=-1) == log(x) + log(2) - 2*I*pi
+    assert log(-1 + x - I*x**2 + I*x**3).as_leading_term(x, cdir=1) == -I*pi
+    assert log(-1 + x - I*x**2 + I*x**3).as_leading_term(x, cdir=-1) == -I*pi
+    assert log(-1/(1 - x)).as_leading_term(x, cdir=1) == I*pi
+    assert log(-1/(1 - x)).as_leading_term(x, cdir=-1) == I*pi
+
+
+def test_log_nseries():
+    p = Symbol('p')
+    assert log(1/x)._eval_nseries(x, 4, logx=-p, cdir=1) == p
+    assert log(1/x)._eval_nseries(x, 4, logx=-p, cdir=-1) == p + 2*I*pi
+    assert log(x - 1)._eval_nseries(x, 4, None, I) == I*pi - x - x**2/2 - x**3/3 + O(x**4)
+    assert log(x - 1)._eval_nseries(x, 4, None, -I) == -I*pi - x - x**2/2 - x**3/3 + O(x**4)
+    assert log(I*x + I*x**3 - 1)._eval_nseries(x, 3, None, 1) == I*pi - I*x + x**2/2 + O(x**3)
+    assert log(I*x + I*x**3 - 1)._eval_nseries(x, 3, None, -1) == -I*pi - I*x + x**2/2 + O(x**3)
+    assert log(I*x**2 + I*x**3 - 1)._eval_nseries(x, 3, None, 1) == I*pi - I*x**2 + O(x**3)
+    assert log(I*x**2 + I*x**3 - 1)._eval_nseries(x, 3, None, -1) == I*pi - I*x**2 + O(x**3)
+    assert log(2*x + (3 - I)*x**2)._eval_nseries(x, 3, None, 1) == log(2) + log(x) + \
+    x*(S(3)/2 - I/2) + x**2*(-1 + 3*I/4) + O(x**3)
+    assert log(2*x + (3 - I)*x**2)._eval_nseries(x, 3, None, -1) == -2*I*pi + log(2) + \
+    log(x) - x*(-S(3)/2 + I/2) + x**2*(-1 + 3*I/4) + O(x**3)
+    assert log(-2*x + (3 - I)*x**2)._eval_nseries(x, 3, None, 1) == -I*pi + log(2) + log(x) + \
+    x*(-S(3)/2 + I/2) + x**2*(-1 + 3*I/4) + O(x**3)
+    assert log(-2*x + (3 - I)*x**2)._eval_nseries(x, 3, None, -1) == -I*pi + log(2) + log(x) - \
+    x*(S(3)/2 - I/2) + x**2*(-1 + 3*I/4) + O(x**3)
+    assert log(sqrt(-I*x**2 - 3)*sqrt(-I*x**2 - 1) - 2)._eval_nseries(x, 3, None, 1) == -I*pi + \
+    log(sqrt(3) + 2) + I*x**2*(-2 + 4*sqrt(3)/3) + O(x**3)
+    assert log(-1/(1 - x))._eval_nseries(x, 3, None, 1) == I*pi + x + x**2/2 + O(x**3)
+    assert log(-1/(1 - x))._eval_nseries(x, 3, None, -1) == I*pi + x + x**2/2 + O(x**3)
+
+
+def test_log_series():
+    # Note Series at infinities other than oo/-oo were introduced as a part of
+    # pull request 23798. Refer https://github.com/sympy/sympy/pull/23798 for
+    # more information.
+    expr1 = log(1 + x)
+    expr2 = log(x + sqrt(x**2 + 1))
+
+    assert expr1.series(x, x0=I*oo, n=4) == 1/(3*x**3) - 1/(2*x**2) + 1/x + \
+    I*pi/2 - log(I/x) + O(x**(-4), (x, oo*I))
+    assert expr1.series(x, x0=-I*oo, n=4) == 1/(3*x**3) - 1/(2*x**2) + 1/x - \
+    I*pi/2 - log(-I/x) + O(x**(-4), (x, -oo*I))
+    assert expr2.series(x, x0=I*oo, n=4) == 1/(4*x**2) + I*pi/2 + log(2) - \
+    log(I/x) + O(x**(-4), (x, oo*I))
+    assert expr2.series(x, x0=-I*oo, n=4) == -1/(4*x**2) - I*pi/2 - log(2) + \
+    log(-I/x) + O(x**(-4), (x, -oo*I))
+
+
+def test_log_expand():
+    w = Symbol("w", positive=True)
+    e = log(w**(log(5)/log(3)))
+    assert e.expand() == log(5)/log(3) * log(w)
+    x, y, z = symbols('x,y,z', positive=True)
+    assert log(x*(y + z)).expand(mul=False) == log(x) + log(y + z)
+    assert log(log(x**2)*log(y*z)).expand() in [log(2*log(x)*log(y) +
+        2*log(x)*log(z)), log(log(x)*log(z) + log(y)*log(x)) + log(2),
+        log((log(y) + log(z))*log(x)) + log(2)]
+    assert log(x**log(x**2)).expand(deep=False) == log(x)*log(x**2)
+    assert log(x**log(x**2)).expand() == 2*log(x)**2
+    x, y = symbols('x,y')
+    assert log(x*y).expand(force=True) == log(x) + log(y)
+    assert log(x**y).expand(force=True) == y*log(x)
+    assert log(exp(x)).expand(force=True) == x
+
+    # there's generally no need to expand out logs since this requires
+    # factoring and if simplification is sought, it's cheaper to put
+    # logs together than it is to take them apart.
+    assert log(2*3**2).expand() != 2*log(3) + log(2)
+
+
+@XFAIL
+def test_log_expand_fail():
+    x, y, z = symbols('x,y,z', positive=True)
+    assert (log(x*(y + z))*(x + y)).expand(mul=True, log=True) == y*log(
+        x) + y*log(y + z) + z*log(x) + z*log(y + z)
+
+
+def test_log_simplify():
+    x = Symbol("x", positive=True)
+    assert log(x**2).expand() == 2*log(x)
+    assert expand_log(log(x**(2 + log(2)))) == (2 + log(2))*log(x)
+
+    z = Symbol('z')
+    assert log(sqrt(z)).expand() == log(z)/2
+    assert expand_log(log(z**(log(2) - 1))) == (log(2) - 1)*log(z)
+    assert log(z**(-1)).expand() != -log(z)
+    assert log(z**(x/(x+1))).expand() == x*log(z)/(x + 1)
+
+
+def test_log_AccumBounds():
+    assert log(AccumBounds(1, E)) == AccumBounds(0, 1)
+    assert log(AccumBounds(0, E)) == AccumBounds(-oo, 1)
+    assert log(AccumBounds(-1, E)) == S.NaN
+    assert log(AccumBounds(0, oo)) == AccumBounds(-oo, oo)
+    assert log(AccumBounds(-oo, 0)) == S.NaN
+    assert log(AccumBounds(-oo, oo)) == S.NaN
+
+
+@_both_exp_pow
+def test_lambertw():
+    k = Symbol('k')
+
+    assert LambertW(x, 0) == LambertW(x)
+    assert LambertW(x, 0, evaluate=False) != LambertW(x)
+    assert LambertW(0) == 0
+    assert LambertW(E) == 1
+    assert LambertW(-1/E) == -1
+    assert LambertW(100*log(100)) == log(100)
+    assert LambertW(-log(2)/2) == -log(2)
+    assert LambertW(81*log(3)) == 3*log(3)
+    assert LambertW(sqrt(E)/2) == S.Half
+    assert LambertW(oo) is oo
+    assert LambertW(0, 1) is -oo
+    assert LambertW(0, 42) is -oo
+    assert LambertW(-pi/2, -1) == -I*pi/2
+    assert LambertW(-1/E, -1) == -1
+    assert LambertW(-2*exp(-2), -1) == -2
+    assert LambertW(2*log(2)) == log(2)
+    assert LambertW(-pi/2) == I*pi/2
+    assert LambertW(exp(1 + E)) == E
+
+    assert LambertW(x**2).diff(x) == 2*LambertW(x**2)/x/(1 + LambertW(x**2))
+    assert LambertW(x, k).diff(x) == LambertW(x, k)/x/(1 + LambertW(x, k))
+
+    assert LambertW(sqrt(2)).evalf(30).epsilon_eq(
+        Float("0.701338383413663009202120278965", 30), 1e-29)
+    assert re(LambertW(2, -1)).evalf().epsilon_eq(Float("-0.834310366631110"))
+
+    assert LambertW(-1).is_real is False  # issue 5215
+    assert LambertW(2, evaluate=False).is_real
+    p = Symbol('p', positive=True)
+    assert LambertW(p, evaluate=False).is_real
+    assert LambertW(p**(p+1)*log(p)) == p*log(p)
+    assert LambertW(p - 1, evaluate=False).is_real is None
+    assert LambertW(-p - 2/S.Exp1, evaluate=False).is_real is False
+    assert LambertW(S.Half, -1, evaluate=False).is_real is False
+    assert LambertW(Rational(-1, 10), -1, evaluate=False).is_real
+    assert LambertW(-10, -1, evaluate=False).is_real is False
+    assert LambertW(-2, 2, evaluate=False).is_real is False
+
+    assert LambertW(0, evaluate=False).is_algebraic
+    na = Symbol('na', nonzero=True, algebraic=True)
+    assert LambertW(na).is_algebraic is False
+    assert LambertW(p).is_zero is False
+    n = Symbol('n', negative=True)
+    assert LambertW(n).is_zero is False
+
+
+def test_issue_5673():
+    e = LambertW(-1)
+    assert e.is_comparable is False
+    assert e.is_positive is not True
+    e2 = 1 - 1/(1 - exp(-1000))
+    assert e2.is_positive is not True
+    e3 = -2 + exp(exp(LambertW(log(2)))*LambertW(log(2)))
+    assert e3.is_nonzero is not True
+
+
+def test_log_fdiff():
+    x = Symbol('x')
+    raises(ArgumentIndexError, lambda: log(x).fdiff(2))
+
+
+def test_log_taylor_term():
+    x = symbols('x')
+    assert log(x).taylor_term(0, x) == x
+    assert log(x).taylor_term(1, x) == -x**2/2
+    assert log(x).taylor_term(4, x) == x**5/5
+    assert log(x).taylor_term(-1, x) is S.Zero
+
+
+def test_exp_expand_NC():
+    A, B, C = symbols('A,B,C', commutative=False)
+
+    assert exp(A + B).expand() == exp(A + B)
+    assert exp(A + B + C).expand() == exp(A + B + C)
+    assert exp(x + y).expand() == exp(x)*exp(y)
+    assert exp(x + y + z).expand() == exp(x)*exp(y)*exp(z)
+
+
+@_both_exp_pow
+def test_as_numer_denom():
+    n = symbols('n', negative=True)
+    assert exp(x).as_numer_denom() == (exp(x), 1)
+    assert exp(-x).as_numer_denom() == (1, exp(x))
+    assert exp(-2*x).as_numer_denom() == (1, exp(2*x))
+    assert exp(-2).as_numer_denom() == (1, exp(2))
+    assert exp(n).as_numer_denom() == (1, exp(-n))
+    assert exp(-n).as_numer_denom() == (exp(-n), 1)
+    assert exp(-I*x).as_numer_denom() == (1, exp(I*x))
+    assert exp(-I*n).as_numer_denom() == (1, exp(I*n))
+    assert exp(-n).as_numer_denom() == (exp(-n), 1)
+    # Check noncommutativity
+    a = symbols('a', commutative=False)
+    assert exp(-a).as_numer_denom() == (exp(-a), 1)
+
+
+@_both_exp_pow
+def test_polar():
+    x, y = symbols('x y', polar=True)
+
+    assert abs(exp_polar(I*4)) == 1
+    assert abs(exp_polar(0)) == 1
+    assert abs(exp_polar(2 + 3*I)) == exp(2)
+    assert exp_polar(I*10).n() == exp_polar(I*10)
+
+    assert log(exp_polar(z)) == z
+    assert log(x*y).expand() == log(x) + log(y)
+    assert log(x**z).expand() == z*log(x)
+
+    assert exp_polar(3).exp == 3
+
+    # Compare exp(1.0*pi*I).
+    assert (exp_polar(1.0*pi*I).n(n=5)).as_real_imag()[1] >= 0
+
+    assert exp_polar(0).is_rational is True  # issue 8008
+
+
+def test_exp_summation():
+    w = symbols("w")
+    m, n, i, j = symbols("m n i j")
+    expr = exp(Sum(w*i, (i, 0, n), (j, 0, m)))
+    assert expr.expand() == Product(exp(w*i), (i, 0, n), (j, 0, m))
+
+
+def test_log_product():
+    from sympy.abc import n, m
+
+    i, j = symbols('i,j', positive=True, integer=True)
+    x, y = symbols('x,y', positive=True)
+    z = symbols('z', real=True)
+    w = symbols('w')
+
+    expr = log(Product(x**i, (i, 1, n)))
+    assert simplify(expr) == expr
+    assert expr.expand() == Sum(i*log(x), (i, 1, n))
+    expr = log(Product(x**i*y**j, (i, 1, n), (j, 1, m)))
+    assert simplify(expr) == expr
+    assert expr.expand() == Sum(i*log(x) + j*log(y), (i, 1, n), (j, 1, m))
+
+    expr = log(Product(-2, (n, 0, 4)))
+    assert simplify(expr) == expr
+    assert expr.expand() == expr
+    assert expr.expand(force=True) == Sum(log(-2), (n, 0, 4))
+
+    expr = log(Product(exp(z*i), (i, 0, n)))
+    assert expr.expand() == Sum(z*i, (i, 0, n))
+
+    expr = log(Product(exp(w*i), (i, 0, n)))
+    assert expr.expand() == expr
+    assert expr.expand(force=True) == Sum(w*i, (i, 0, n))
+
+    expr = log(Product(i**2*abs(j), (i, 1, n), (j, 1, m)))
+    assert expr.expand() == Sum(2*log(i) + log(j), (i, 1, n), (j, 1, m))
+
+
+@XFAIL
+def test_log_product_simplify_to_sum():
+    from sympy.abc import n, m
+    i, j = symbols('i,j', positive=True, integer=True)
+    x, y = symbols('x,y', positive=True)
+    assert simplify(log(Product(x**i, (i, 1, n)))) == Sum(i*log(x), (i, 1, n))
+    assert simplify(log(Product(x**i*y**j, (i, 1, n), (j, 1, m)))) == \
+            Sum(i*log(x) + j*log(y), (i, 1, n), (j, 1, m))
+
+
+def test_issue_8866():
+    assert simplify(log(x, 10, evaluate=False)) == simplify(log(x, 10))
+    assert expand_log(log(x, 10, evaluate=False)) == expand_log(log(x, 10))
+
+    y = Symbol('y', positive=True)
+    l1 = log(exp(y), exp(10))
+    b1 = log(exp(y), exp(5))
+    l2 = log(exp(y), exp(10), evaluate=False)
+    b2 = log(exp(y), exp(5), evaluate=False)
+    assert simplify(log(l1, b1)) == simplify(log(l2, b2))
+    assert expand_log(log(l1, b1)) == expand_log(log(l2, b2))
+
+
+def test_log_expand_factor():
+    assert (log(18)/log(3) - 2).expand(factor=True) == log(2)/log(3)
+    assert (log(12)/log(2)).expand(factor=True) == log(3)/log(2) + 2
+    assert (log(15)/log(3)).expand(factor=True) == 1 + log(5)/log(3)
+    assert (log(2)/(-log(12) + log(24))).expand(factor=True) == 1
+
+    assert expand_log(log(12), factor=True) == log(3) + 2*log(2)
+    assert expand_log(log(21)/log(7), factor=False) == log(3)/log(7) + 1
+    assert expand_log(log(45)/log(5) + log(20), factor=False) == \
+        1 + 2*log(3)/log(5) + log(20)
+    assert expand_log(log(45)/log(5) + log(26), factor=True) == \
+        log(2) + log(13) + (log(5) + 2*log(3))/log(5)
+
+
+def test_issue_9116():
+    n = Symbol('n', positive=True, integer=True)
+    assert log(n).is_nonnegative is True
+
+
+def test_issue_18473():
+    assert exp(x*log(cos(1/x))).as_leading_term(x) == S.NaN
+    assert exp(x*log(tan(1/x))).as_leading_term(x) == S.NaN
+    assert log(cos(1/x)).as_leading_term(x) == S.NaN
+    assert log(tan(1/x)).as_leading_term(x) == S.NaN
+    assert log(cos(1/x) + 2).as_leading_term(x) == AccumBounds(0, log(3))
+    assert exp(x*log(cos(1/x) + 2)).as_leading_term(x) == 1
+    assert log(cos(1/x) - 2).as_leading_term(x) == S.NaN
+    assert exp(x*log(cos(1/x) - 2)).as_leading_term(x) == S.NaN
+    assert log(cos(1/x) + 1).as_leading_term(x) == AccumBounds(-oo, log(2))
+    assert exp(x*log(cos(1/x) + 1)).as_leading_term(x) == AccumBounds(0, 1)
+    assert log(sin(1/x)**2).as_leading_term(x) == AccumBounds(-oo, 0)
+    assert exp(x*log(sin(1/x)**2)).as_leading_term(x) == AccumBounds(0, 1)
+    assert log(tan(1/x)**2).as_leading_term(x) == AccumBounds(-oo, oo)
+    assert exp(2*x*(log(tan(1/x)**2))).as_leading_term(x) == AccumBounds(0, oo)

rl/Lib/site-packages/sympy/functions/elementary/tests/test_integers.py

@@ -0,0 +1,662 @@
+from sympy.calculus.accumulationbounds import AccumBounds
+from sympy.core.numbers import (E, Float, I, Rational, nan, oo, pi, zoo)
+from sympy.core.relational import (Eq, Ge, Gt, Le, Lt, Ne)
+from sympy.core.singleton import S
+from sympy.core.symbol import (Symbol, symbols)
+from sympy.functions.combinatorial.factorials import factorial
+from sympy.functions.elementary.exponential import (exp, log)
+from sympy.functions.elementary.integers import (ceiling, floor, frac)
+from sympy.functions.elementary.miscellaneous import sqrt
+from sympy.functions.elementary.trigonometric import sin, cos, tan
+from sympy.polys.rootoftools import RootOf, CRootOf
+from sympy import Integers
+from sympy.sets.sets import Interval
+from sympy.sets.fancysets import ImageSet
+from sympy.core.function import Lambda
+
+from sympy.core.expr import unchanged
+from sympy.testing.pytest import XFAIL, raises
+
+x = Symbol('x')
+i = Symbol('i', imaginary=True)
+y = Symbol('y', real=True)
+k, n = symbols('k,n', integer=True)
+
+
+def test_floor():
+
+    assert floor(nan) is nan
+
+    assert floor(oo) is oo
+    assert floor(-oo) is -oo
+    assert floor(zoo) is zoo
+
+    assert floor(0) == 0
+
+    assert floor(1) == 1
+    assert floor(-1) == -1
+
+    assert floor(E) == 2
+    assert floor(-E) == -3
+
+    assert floor(2*E) == 5
+    assert floor(-2*E) == -6
+
+    assert floor(pi) == 3
+    assert floor(-pi) == -4
+
+    assert floor(S.Half) == 0
+    assert floor(Rational(-1, 2)) == -1
+
+    assert floor(Rational(7, 3)) == 2
+    assert floor(Rational(-7, 3)) == -3
+    assert floor(-Rational(7, 3)) == -3
+
+    assert floor(Float(17.0)) == 17
+    assert floor(-Float(17.0)) == -17
+
+    assert floor(Float(7.69)) == 7
+    assert floor(-Float(7.69)) == -8
+
+    assert floor(I) == I
+    assert floor(-I) == -I
+    e = floor(i)
+    assert e.func is floor and e.args[0] == i
+
+    assert floor(oo*I) == oo*I
+    assert floor(-oo*I) == -oo*I
+    assert floor(exp(I*pi/4)*oo) == exp(I*pi/4)*oo
+
+    assert floor(2*I) == 2*I
+    assert floor(-2*I) == -2*I
+
+    assert floor(I/2) == 0
+    assert floor(-I/2) == -I
+
+    assert floor(E + 17) == 19
+    assert floor(pi + 2) == 5
+
+    assert floor(E + pi) == 5
+    assert floor(I + pi) == 3 + I
+
+    assert floor(floor(pi)) == 3
+    assert floor(floor(y)) == floor(y)
+    assert floor(floor(x)) == floor(x)
+
+    assert unchanged(floor, x)
+    assert unchanged(floor, 2*x)
+    assert unchanged(floor, k*x)
+
+    assert floor(k) == k
+    assert floor(2*k) == 2*k
+    assert floor(k*n) == k*n
+
+    assert unchanged(floor, k/2)
+
+    assert unchanged(floor, x + y)
+
+    assert floor(x + 3) == floor(x) + 3
+    assert floor(x + k) == floor(x) + k
+
+    assert floor(y + 3) == floor(y) + 3
+    assert floor(y + k) == floor(y) + k
+
+    assert floor(3 + I*y + pi) == 6 + floor(y)*I
+
+    assert floor(k + n) == k + n
+
+    assert unchanged(floor, x*I)
+    assert floor(k*I) == k*I
+
+    assert floor(Rational(23, 10) - E*I) == 2 - 3*I
+
+    assert floor(sin(1)) == 0
+    assert floor(sin(-1)) == -1
+
+    assert floor(exp(2)) == 7
+
+    assert floor(log(8)/log(2)) != 2
+    assert int(floor(log(8)/log(2)).evalf(chop=True)) == 3
+
+    assert floor(factorial(50)/exp(1)) == \
+        11188719610782480504630258070757734324011354208865721592720336800
+
+    assert (floor(y) < y) == False
+    assert (floor(y) <= y) == True
+    assert (floor(y) > y) == False
+    assert (floor(y) >= y) == False
+    assert (floor(x) <= x).is_Relational  # x could be non-real
+    assert (floor(x) > x).is_Relational
+    assert (floor(x) <= y).is_Relational  # arg is not same as rhs
+    assert (floor(x) > y).is_Relational
+    assert (floor(y) <= oo) == True
+    assert (floor(y) < oo) == True
+    assert (floor(y) >= -oo) == True
+    assert (floor(y) > -oo) == True
+
+    assert floor(y).rewrite(frac) == y - frac(y)
+    assert floor(y).rewrite(ceiling) == -ceiling(-y)
+    assert floor(y).rewrite(frac).subs(y, -pi) == floor(-pi)
+    assert floor(y).rewrite(frac).subs(y, E) == floor(E)
+    assert floor(y).rewrite(ceiling).subs(y, E) == -ceiling(-E)
+    assert floor(y).rewrite(ceiling).subs(y, -pi) == -ceiling(pi)
+
+    assert Eq(floor(y), y - frac(y))
+    assert Eq(floor(y), -ceiling(-y))
+
+    neg = Symbol('neg', negative=True)
+    nn = Symbol('nn', nonnegative=True)
+    pos = Symbol('pos', positive=True)
+    np = Symbol('np', nonpositive=True)
+
+    assert (floor(neg) < 0) == True
+    assert (floor(neg) <= 0) == True
+    assert (floor(neg) > 0) == False
+    assert (floor(neg) >= 0) == False
+    assert (floor(neg) <= -1) == True
+    assert (floor(neg) >= -3) == (neg >= -3)
+    assert (floor(neg) < 5) == (neg < 5)
+
+    assert (floor(nn) < 0) == False
+    assert (floor(nn) >= 0) == True
+
+    assert (floor(pos) < 0) == False
+    assert (floor(pos) <= 0) == (pos < 1)
+    assert (floor(pos) > 0) == (pos >= 1)
+    assert (floor(pos) >= 0) == True
+    assert (floor(pos) >= 3) == (pos >= 3)
+
+    assert (floor(np) <= 0) == True
+    assert (floor(np) > 0) == False
+
+    assert floor(neg).is_negative == True
+    assert floor(neg).is_nonnegative == False
+    assert floor(nn).is_negative == False
+    assert floor(nn).is_nonnegative == True
+    assert floor(pos).is_negative == False
+    assert floor(pos).is_nonnegative == True
+    assert floor(np).is_negative is None
+    assert floor(np).is_nonnegative is None
+
+    assert (floor(7, evaluate=False) >= 7) == True
+    assert (floor(7, evaluate=False) > 7) == False
+    assert (floor(7, evaluate=False) <= 7) == True
+    assert (floor(7, evaluate=False) < 7) == False
+
+    assert (floor(7, evaluate=False) >= 6) == True
+    assert (floor(7, evaluate=False) > 6) == True
+    assert (floor(7, evaluate=False) <= 6) == False
+    assert (floor(7, evaluate=False) < 6) == False
+
+    assert (floor(7, evaluate=False) >= 8) == False
+    assert (floor(7, evaluate=False) > 8) == False
+    assert (floor(7, evaluate=False) <= 8) == True
+    assert (floor(7, evaluate=False) < 8) == True
+
+    assert (floor(x) <= 5.5) == Le(floor(x), 5.5, evaluate=False)
+    assert (floor(x) >= -3.2) == Ge(floor(x), -3.2, evaluate=False)
+    assert (floor(x) < 2.9) == Lt(floor(x), 2.9, evaluate=False)
+    assert (floor(x) > -1.7) == Gt(floor(x), -1.7, evaluate=False)
+
+    assert (floor(y) <= 5.5) == (y < 6)
+    assert (floor(y) >= -3.2) == (y >= -3)
+    assert (floor(y) < 2.9) == (y < 3)
+    assert (floor(y) > -1.7) == (y >= -1)
+
+    assert (floor(y) <= n) == (y < n + 1)
+    assert (floor(y) >= n) == (y >= n)
+    assert (floor(y) < n) == (y < n)
+    assert (floor(y) > n) == (y >= n + 1)
+
+    assert floor(RootOf(x**3 - 27*x, 2)) == 5
+
+
+def test_ceiling():
+
+    assert ceiling(nan) is nan
+
+    assert ceiling(oo) is oo
+    assert ceiling(-oo) is -oo
+    assert ceiling(zoo) is zoo
+
+    assert ceiling(0) == 0
+
+    assert ceiling(1) == 1
+    assert ceiling(-1) == -1
+
+    assert ceiling(E) == 3
+    assert ceiling(-E) == -2
+
+    assert ceiling(2*E) == 6
+    assert ceiling(-2*E) == -5
+
+    assert ceiling(pi) == 4
+    assert ceiling(-pi) == -3
+
+    assert ceiling(S.Half) == 1
+    assert ceiling(Rational(-1, 2)) == 0
+
+    assert ceiling(Rational(7, 3)) == 3
+    assert ceiling(-Rational(7, 3)) == -2
+
+    assert ceiling(Float(17.0)) == 17
+    assert ceiling(-Float(17.0)) == -17
+
+    assert ceiling(Float(7.69)) == 8
+    assert ceiling(-Float(7.69)) == -7
+
+    assert ceiling(I) == I
+    assert ceiling(-I) == -I
+    e = ceiling(i)
+    assert e.func is ceiling and e.args[0] == i
+
+    assert ceiling(oo*I) == oo*I
+    assert ceiling(-oo*I) == -oo*I
+    assert ceiling(exp(I*pi/4)*oo) == exp(I*pi/4)*oo
+
+    assert ceiling(2*I) == 2*I
+    assert ceiling(-2*I) == -2*I
+
+    assert ceiling(I/2) == I
+    assert ceiling(-I/2) == 0
+
+    assert ceiling(E + 17) == 20
+    assert ceiling(pi + 2) == 6
+
+    assert ceiling(E + pi) == 6
+    assert ceiling(I + pi) == I + 4
+
+    assert ceiling(ceiling(pi)) == 4
+    assert ceiling(ceiling(y)) == ceiling(y)
+    assert ceiling(ceiling(x)) == ceiling(x)
+
+    assert unchanged(ceiling, x)
+    assert unchanged(ceiling, 2*x)
+    assert unchanged(ceiling, k*x)
+
+    assert ceiling(k) == k
+    assert ceiling(2*k) == 2*k
+    assert ceiling(k*n) == k*n
+
+    assert unchanged(ceiling, k/2)
+
+    assert unchanged(ceiling, x + y)
+
+    assert ceiling(x + 3) == ceiling(x) + 3
+    assert ceiling(x + 3.0) == ceiling(x) + 3
+    assert ceiling(x + 3.0*I) == ceiling(x) + 3*I
+    assert ceiling(x + k) == ceiling(x) + k
+
+    assert ceiling(y + 3) == ceiling(y) + 3
+    assert ceiling(y + k) == ceiling(y) + k
+
+    assert ceiling(3 + pi + y*I) == 7 + ceiling(y)*I
+
+    assert ceiling(k + n) == k + n
+
+    assert unchanged(ceiling, x*I)
+    assert ceiling(k*I) == k*I
+
+    assert ceiling(Rational(23, 10) - E*I) == 3 - 2*I
+
+    assert ceiling(sin(1)) == 1
+    assert ceiling(sin(-1)) == 0
+
+    assert ceiling(exp(2)) == 8
+
+    assert ceiling(-log(8)/log(2)) != -2
+    assert int(ceiling(-log(8)/log(2)).evalf(chop=True)) == -3
+
+    assert ceiling(factorial(50)/exp(1)) == \
+        11188719610782480504630258070757734324011354208865721592720336801
+
+    assert (ceiling(y) >= y) == True
+    assert (ceiling(y) > y) == False
+    assert (ceiling(y) < y) == False
+    assert (ceiling(y) <= y) == False
+    assert (ceiling(x) >= x).is_Relational  # x could be non-real
+    assert (ceiling(x) < x).is_Relational
+    assert (ceiling(x) >= y).is_Relational  # arg is not same as rhs
+    assert (ceiling(x) < y).is_Relational
+    assert (ceiling(y) >= -oo) == True
+    assert (ceiling(y) > -oo) == True
+    assert (ceiling(y) <= oo) == True
+    assert (ceiling(y) < oo) == True
+
+    assert ceiling(y).rewrite(floor) == -floor(-y)
+    assert ceiling(y).rewrite(frac) == y + frac(-y)
+    assert ceiling(y).rewrite(floor).subs(y, -pi) == -floor(pi)
+    assert ceiling(y).rewrite(floor).subs(y, E) == -floor(-E)
+    assert ceiling(y).rewrite(frac).subs(y, pi) == ceiling(pi)
+    assert ceiling(y).rewrite(frac).subs(y, -E) == ceiling(-E)
+
+    assert Eq(ceiling(y), y + frac(-y))
+    assert Eq(ceiling(y), -floor(-y))
+
+    neg = Symbol('neg', negative=True)
+    nn = Symbol('nn', nonnegative=True)
+    pos = Symbol('pos', positive=True)
+    np = Symbol('np', nonpositive=True)
+
+    assert (ceiling(neg) <= 0) == True
+    assert (ceiling(neg) < 0) == (neg <= -1)
+    assert (ceiling(neg) > 0) == False
+    assert (ceiling(neg) >= 0) == (neg > -1)
+    assert (ceiling(neg) > -3) == (neg > -3)
+    assert (ceiling(neg) <= 10) == (neg <= 10)
+
+    assert (ceiling(nn) < 0) == False
+    assert (ceiling(nn) >= 0) == True
+
+    assert (ceiling(pos) < 0) == False
+    assert (ceiling(pos) <= 0) == False
+    assert (ceiling(pos) > 0) == True
+    assert (ceiling(pos) >= 0) == True
+    assert (ceiling(pos) >= 1) == True
+    assert (ceiling(pos) > 5) == (pos > 5)
+
+    assert (ceiling(np) <= 0) == True
+    assert (ceiling(np) > 0) == False
+
+    assert ceiling(neg).is_positive == False
+    assert ceiling(neg).is_nonpositive == True
+    assert ceiling(nn).is_positive is None
+    assert ceiling(nn).is_nonpositive is None
+    assert ceiling(pos).is_positive == True
+    assert ceiling(pos).is_nonpositive == False
+    assert ceiling(np).is_positive == False
+    assert ceiling(np).is_nonpositive == True
+
+    assert (ceiling(7, evaluate=False) >= 7) == True
+    assert (ceiling(7, evaluate=False) > 7) == False
+    assert (ceiling(7, evaluate=False) <= 7) == True
+    assert (ceiling(7, evaluate=False) < 7) == False
+
+    assert (ceiling(7, evaluate=False) >= 6) == True
+    assert (ceiling(7, evaluate=False) > 6) == True
+    assert (ceiling(7, evaluate=False) <= 6) == False
+    assert (ceiling(7, evaluate=False) < 6) == False
+
+    assert (ceiling(7, evaluate=False) >= 8) == False
+    assert (ceiling(7, evaluate=False) > 8) == False
+    assert (ceiling(7, evaluate=False) <= 8) == True
+    assert (ceiling(7, evaluate=False) < 8) == True
+
+    assert (ceiling(x) <= 5.5) == Le(ceiling(x), 5.5, evaluate=False)
+    assert (ceiling(x) >= -3.2) == Ge(ceiling(x), -3.2, evaluate=False)
+    assert (ceiling(x) < 2.9) == Lt(ceiling(x), 2.9, evaluate=False)
+    assert (ceiling(x) > -1.7) == Gt(ceiling(x), -1.7, evaluate=False)
+
+    assert (ceiling(y) <= 5.5) == (y <= 5)
+    assert (ceiling(y) >= -3.2) == (y > -4)
+    assert (ceiling(y) < 2.9) == (y <= 2)
+    assert (ceiling(y) > -1.7) == (y > -2)
+
+    assert (ceiling(y) <= n) == (y <= n)
+    assert (ceiling(y) >= n) == (y > n - 1)
+    assert (ceiling(y) < n) == (y <= n - 1)
+    assert (ceiling(y) > n) == (y > n)
+
+    assert ceiling(RootOf(x**3 - 27*x, 2)) == 6
+    s = ImageSet(Lambda(n, n + (CRootOf(x**5 - x**2 + 1, 0))), Integers)
+    f = CRootOf(x**5 - x**2 + 1, 0)
+    s = ImageSet(Lambda(n, n + f), Integers)
+    assert s.intersect(Interval(-10, 10)) == {i + f for i in range(-9, 11)}
+
+
+def test_frac():
+    assert isinstance(frac(x), frac)
+    assert frac(oo) == AccumBounds(0, 1)
+    assert frac(-oo) == AccumBounds(0, 1)
+    assert frac(zoo) is nan
+
+    assert frac(n) == 0
+    assert frac(nan) is nan
+    assert frac(Rational(4, 3)) == Rational(1, 3)
+    assert frac(-Rational(4, 3)) == Rational(2, 3)
+    assert frac(Rational(-4, 3)) == Rational(2, 3)
+
+    r = Symbol('r', real=True)
+    assert frac(I*r) == I*frac(r)
+    assert frac(1 + I*r) == I*frac(r)
+    assert frac(0.5 + I*r) == 0.5 + I*frac(r)
+    assert frac(n + I*r) == I*frac(r)
+    assert frac(n + I*k) == 0
+    assert unchanged(frac, x + I*x)
+    assert frac(x + I*n) == frac(x)
+
+    assert frac(x).rewrite(floor) == x - floor(x)
+    assert frac(x).rewrite(ceiling) == x + ceiling(-x)
+    assert frac(y).rewrite(floor).subs(y, pi) == frac(pi)
+    assert frac(y).rewrite(floor).subs(y, -E) == frac(-E)
+    assert frac(y).rewrite(ceiling).subs(y, -pi) == frac(-pi)
+    assert frac(y).rewrite(ceiling).subs(y, E) == frac(E)
+
+    assert Eq(frac(y), y - floor(y))
+    assert Eq(frac(y), y + ceiling(-y))
+
+    r = Symbol('r', real=True)
+    p_i = Symbol('p_i', integer=True, positive=True)
+    n_i = Symbol('p_i', integer=True, negative=True)
+    np_i = Symbol('np_i', integer=True, nonpositive=True)
+    nn_i = Symbol('nn_i', integer=True, nonnegative=True)
+    p_r = Symbol('p_r', positive=True)
+    n_r = Symbol('n_r', negative=True)
+    np_r = Symbol('np_r', real=True, nonpositive=True)
+    nn_r = Symbol('nn_r', real=True, nonnegative=True)
+
+    # Real frac argument, integer rhs
+    assert frac(r) <= p_i
+    assert not frac(r) <= n_i
+    assert (frac(r) <= np_i).has(Le)
+    assert (frac(r) <= nn_i).has(Le)
+    assert frac(r) < p_i
+    assert not frac(r) < n_i
+    assert not frac(r) < np_i
+    assert (frac(r) < nn_i).has(Lt)
+    assert not frac(r) >= p_i
+    assert frac(r) >= n_i
+    assert frac(r) >= np_i
+    assert (frac(r) >= nn_i).has(Ge)
+    assert not frac(r) > p_i
+    assert frac(r) > n_i
+    assert (frac(r) > np_i).has(Gt)
+    assert (frac(r) > nn_i).has(Gt)
+
+    assert not Eq(frac(r), p_i)
+    assert not Eq(frac(r), n_i)
+    assert Eq(frac(r), np_i).has(Eq)
+    assert Eq(frac(r), nn_i).has(Eq)
+
+    assert Ne(frac(r), p_i)
+    assert Ne(frac(r), n_i)
+    assert Ne(frac(r), np_i).has(Ne)
+    assert Ne(frac(r), nn_i).has(Ne)
+
+
+    # Real frac argument, real rhs
+    assert (frac(r) <= p_r).has(Le)
+    assert not frac(r) <= n_r
+    assert (frac(r) <= np_r).has(Le)
+    assert (frac(r) <= nn_r).has(Le)
+    assert (frac(r) < p_r).has(Lt)
+    assert not frac(r) < n_r
+    assert not frac(r) < np_r
+    assert (frac(r) < nn_r).has(Lt)
+    assert (frac(r) >= p_r).has(Ge)
+    assert frac(r) >= n_r
+    assert frac(r) >= np_r
+    assert (frac(r) >= nn_r).has(Ge)
+    assert (frac(r) > p_r).has(Gt)
+    assert frac(r) > n_r
+    assert (frac(r) > np_r).has(Gt)
+    assert (frac(r) > nn_r).has(Gt)
+
+    assert not Eq(frac(r), n_r)
+    assert Eq(frac(r), p_r).has(Eq)
+    assert Eq(frac(r), np_r).has(Eq)
+    assert Eq(frac(r), nn_r).has(Eq)
+
+    assert Ne(frac(r), p_r).has(Ne)
+    assert Ne(frac(r), n_r)
+    assert Ne(frac(r), np_r).has(Ne)
+    assert Ne(frac(r), nn_r).has(Ne)
+
+    # Real frac argument, +/- oo rhs
+    assert frac(r) < oo
+    assert frac(r) <= oo
+    assert not frac(r) > oo
+    assert not frac(r) >= oo
+
+    assert not frac(r) < -oo
+    assert not frac(r) <= -oo
+    assert frac(r) > -oo
+    assert frac(r) >= -oo
+
+    assert frac(r) < 1
+    assert frac(r) <= 1
+    assert not frac(r) > 1
+    assert not frac(r) >= 1
+
+    assert not frac(r) < 0
+    assert (frac(r) <= 0).has(Le)
+    assert (frac(r) > 0).has(Gt)
+    assert frac(r) >= 0
+
+    # Some test for numbers
+    assert frac(r) <= sqrt(2)
+    assert (frac(r) <= sqrt(3) - sqrt(2)).has(Le)
+    assert not frac(r) <= sqrt(2) - sqrt(3)
+    assert not frac(r) >= sqrt(2)
+    assert (frac(r) >= sqrt(3) - sqrt(2)).has(Ge)
+    assert frac(r) >= sqrt(2) - sqrt(3)
+
+    assert not Eq(frac(r), sqrt(2))
+    assert Eq(frac(r), sqrt(3) - sqrt(2)).has(Eq)
+    assert not Eq(frac(r), sqrt(2) - sqrt(3))
+    assert Ne(frac(r), sqrt(2))
+    assert Ne(frac(r), sqrt(3) - sqrt(2)).has(Ne)
+    assert Ne(frac(r), sqrt(2) - sqrt(3))
+
+    assert frac(p_i, evaluate=False).is_zero
+    assert frac(p_i, evaluate=False).is_finite
+    assert frac(p_i, evaluate=False).is_integer
+    assert frac(p_i, evaluate=False).is_real
+    assert frac(r).is_finite
+    assert frac(r).is_real
+    assert frac(r).is_zero is None
+    assert frac(r).is_integer is None
+
+    assert frac(oo).is_finite
+    assert frac(oo).is_real
+
+
+def test_series():
+    x, y = symbols('x,y')
+    assert floor(x).nseries(x, y, 100) == floor(y)
+    assert ceiling(x).nseries(x, y, 100) == ceiling(y)
+    assert floor(x).nseries(x, pi, 100) == 3
+    assert ceiling(x).nseries(x, pi, 100) == 4
+    assert floor(x).nseries(x, 0, 100) == 0
+    assert ceiling(x).nseries(x, 0, 100) == 1
+    assert floor(-x).nseries(x, 0, 100) == -1
+    assert ceiling(-x).nseries(x, 0, 100) == 0
+
+
+def test_issue_14355():
+    # This test checks the leading term and series for the floor and ceil
+    # function when arg0 evaluates to S.NaN.
+    assert floor((x**3 + x)/(x**2 - x)).as_leading_term(x, cdir = 1) == -2
+    assert floor((x**3 + x)/(x**2 - x)).as_leading_term(x, cdir = -1) == -1
+    assert floor((cos(x) - 1)/x).as_leading_term(x, cdir = 1) == -1
+    assert floor((cos(x) - 1)/x).as_leading_term(x, cdir = -1) == 0
+    assert floor(sin(x)/x).as_leading_term(x, cdir = 1) == 0
+    assert floor(sin(x)/x).as_leading_term(x, cdir = -1) == 0
+    assert floor(-tan(x)/x).as_leading_term(x, cdir = 1) == -2
+    assert floor(-tan(x)/x).as_leading_term(x, cdir = -1) == -2
+    assert floor(sin(x)/x/3).as_leading_term(x, cdir = 1) == 0
+    assert floor(sin(x)/x/3).as_leading_term(x, cdir = -1) == 0
+    assert ceiling((x**3 + x)/(x**2 - x)).as_leading_term(x, cdir = 1) == -1
+    assert ceiling((x**3 + x)/(x**2 - x)).as_leading_term(x, cdir = -1) == 0
+    assert ceiling((cos(x) - 1)/x).as_leading_term(x, cdir = 1) == 0
+    assert ceiling((cos(x) - 1)/x).as_leading_term(x, cdir = -1) == 1
+    assert ceiling(sin(x)/x).as_leading_term(x, cdir = 1) == 1
+    assert ceiling(sin(x)/x).as_leading_term(x, cdir = -1) == 1
+    assert ceiling(-tan(x)/x).as_leading_term(x, cdir = 1) == -1
+    assert ceiling(-tan(x)/x).as_leading_term(x, cdir = 1) == -1
+    assert ceiling(sin(x)/x/3).as_leading_term(x, cdir = 1) == 1
+    assert ceiling(sin(x)/x/3).as_leading_term(x, cdir = -1) == 1
+    # test for series
+    assert floor(sin(x)/x).series(x, 0, 100, cdir = 1) == 0
+    assert floor(sin(x)/x).series(x, 0, 100, cdir = 1) == 0
+    assert floor((x**3 + x)/(x**2 - x)).series(x, 0, 100, cdir = 1) == -2
+    assert floor((x**3 + x)/(x**2 - x)).series(x, 0, 100, cdir = -1) == -1
+    assert ceiling(sin(x)/x).series(x, 0, 100, cdir = 1) == 1
+    assert ceiling(sin(x)/x).series(x, 0, 100, cdir = -1) == 1
+    assert ceiling((x**3 + x)/(x**2 - x)).series(x, 0, 100, cdir = 1) == -1
+    assert ceiling((x**3 + x)/(x**2 - x)).series(x, 0, 100, cdir = -1) == 0
+
+
+def test_frac_leading_term():
+    assert frac(x).as_leading_term(x) == x
+    assert frac(x).as_leading_term(x, cdir = 1) == x
+    assert frac(x).as_leading_term(x, cdir = -1) == 1
+    assert frac(x + S.Half).as_leading_term(x, cdir = 1) == S.Half
+    assert frac(x + S.Half).as_leading_term(x, cdir = -1) == S.Half
+    assert frac(-2*x + 1).as_leading_term(x, cdir = 1) == S.One
+    assert frac(-2*x + 1).as_leading_term(x, cdir = -1) == -2*x
+    assert frac(sin(x) + 5).as_leading_term(x, cdir = 1) == x
+    assert frac(sin(x) + 5).as_leading_term(x, cdir = -1) == S.One
+    assert frac(sin(x**2) + 5).as_leading_term(x, cdir = 1) == x**2
+    assert frac(sin(x**2) + 5).as_leading_term(x, cdir = -1) == x**2
+
+
+@XFAIL
+def test_issue_4149():
+    assert floor(3 + pi*I + y*I) == 3 + floor(pi + y)*I
+    assert floor(3*I + pi*I + y*I) == floor(3 + pi + y)*I
+    assert floor(3 + E + pi*I + y*I) == 5 + floor(pi + y)*I
+
+
+def test_issue_21651():
+    k = Symbol('k', positive=True, integer=True)
+    exp = 2*2**(-k)
+    assert isinstance(floor(exp), floor)
+
+
+def test_issue_11207():
+    assert floor(floor(x)) == floor(x)
+    assert floor(ceiling(x)) == ceiling(x)
+    assert ceiling(floor(x)) == floor(x)
+    assert ceiling(ceiling(x)) == ceiling(x)
+
+
+def test_nested_floor_ceiling():
+    assert floor(-floor(ceiling(x**3)/y)) == -floor(ceiling(x**3)/y)
+    assert ceiling(-floor(ceiling(x**3)/y)) == -floor(ceiling(x**3)/y)
+    assert floor(ceiling(-floor(x**Rational(7, 2)/y))) == -floor(x**Rational(7, 2)/y)
+    assert -ceiling(-ceiling(floor(x)/y)) == ceiling(floor(x)/y)
+
+def test_issue_18689():
+    assert floor(floor(floor(x)) + 3) == floor(x) + 3
+    assert ceiling(ceiling(ceiling(x)) + 1) == ceiling(x) + 1
+    assert ceiling(ceiling(floor(x)) + 3) == floor(x) + 3
+
+def test_issue_18421():
+    assert floor(float(0)) is S.Zero
+    assert ceiling(float(0)) is S.Zero
+
+def test_issue_25230():
+    a = Symbol('a', real = True)
+    b = Symbol('b', positive = True)
+    c = Symbol('c', negative = True)
+    raises(NotImplementedError, lambda: floor(x/a).as_leading_term(x, cdir = 1))
+    raises(NotImplementedError, lambda: ceiling(x/a).as_leading_term(x, cdir = 1))
+    assert floor(x/b).as_leading_term(x, cdir = 1) == 0
+    assert floor(x/b).as_leading_term(x, cdir = -1) == -1
+    assert floor(x/c).as_leading_term(x, cdir = 1) == -1
+    assert floor(x/c).as_leading_term(x, cdir = -1) == 0
+    assert ceiling(x/b).as_leading_term(x, cdir = 1) == 1
+    assert ceiling(x/b).as_leading_term(x, cdir = -1) == 0
+    assert ceiling(x/c).as_leading_term(x, cdir = 1) == 0
+    assert ceiling(x/c).as_leading_term(x, cdir = -1) == 1

rl/Lib/site-packages/sympy/functions/elementary/tests/test_interface.py

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+# This test file tests the SymPy function interface, that people use to create
+# their own new functions. It should be as easy as possible.
+from sympy.core.function import Function
+from sympy.core.sympify import sympify
+from sympy.functions.elementary.hyperbolic import tanh
+from sympy.functions.elementary.trigonometric import (cos, sin)
+from sympy.series.limits import limit
+from sympy.abc import x
+
+
+def test_function_series1():
+    """Create our new "sin" function."""
+
+    class my_function(Function):
+
+        def fdiff(self, argindex=1):
+            return cos(self.args[0])
+
+        @classmethod
+        def eval(cls, arg):
+            arg = sympify(arg)
+            if arg == 0:
+                return sympify(0)
+
+    #Test that the taylor series is correct
+    assert my_function(x).series(x, 0, 10) == sin(x).series(x, 0, 10)
+    assert limit(my_function(x)/x, x, 0) == 1
+
+
+def test_function_series2():
+    """Create our new "cos" function."""
+
+    class my_function2(Function):
+
+        def fdiff(self, argindex=1):
+            return -sin(self.args[0])
+
+        @classmethod
+        def eval(cls, arg):
+            arg = sympify(arg)
+            if arg == 0:
+                return sympify(1)
+
+    #Test that the taylor series is correct
+    assert my_function2(x).series(x, 0, 10) == cos(x).series(x, 0, 10)
+
+
+def test_function_series3():
+    """
+    Test our easy "tanh" function.
+
+    This test tests two things:
+      * that the Function interface works as expected and it's easy to use
+      * that the general algorithm for the series expansion works even when the
+        derivative is defined recursively in terms of the original function,
+        since tanh(x).diff(x) == 1-tanh(x)**2
+    """
+
+    class mytanh(Function):
+
+        def fdiff(self, argindex=1):
+            return 1 - mytanh(self.args[0])**2
+
+        @classmethod
+        def eval(cls, arg):
+            arg = sympify(arg)
+            if arg == 0:
+                return sympify(0)
+
+    e = tanh(x)
+    f = mytanh(x)
+    assert e.series(x, 0, 6) == f.series(x, 0, 6)

rl/Lib/site-packages/sympy/functions/elementary/tests/test_miscellaneous.py

@@ -0,0 +1,504 @@
+import itertools as it
+
+from sympy.core.expr import unchanged
+from sympy.core.function import Function
+from sympy.core.numbers import I, oo, Rational
+from sympy.core.power import Pow
+from sympy.core.singleton import S
+from sympy.core.symbol import Symbol
+from sympy.external import import_module
+from sympy.functions.elementary.exponential import log
+from sympy.functions.elementary.integers import floor, ceiling
+from sympy.functions.elementary.miscellaneous import (sqrt, cbrt, root, Min,
+                                                      Max, real_root, Rem)
+from sympy.functions.elementary.trigonometric import cos, sin
+from sympy.functions.special.delta_functions import Heaviside
+
+from sympy.utilities.lambdify import lambdify
+from sympy.testing.pytest import raises, skip, ignore_warnings
+
+def test_Min():
+    from sympy.abc import x, y, z
+    n = Symbol('n', negative=True)
+    n_ = Symbol('n_', negative=True)
+    nn = Symbol('nn', nonnegative=True)
+    nn_ = Symbol('nn_', nonnegative=True)
+    p = Symbol('p', positive=True)
+    p_ = Symbol('p_', positive=True)
+    np = Symbol('np', nonpositive=True)
+    np_ = Symbol('np_', nonpositive=True)
+    r = Symbol('r', real=True)
+
+    assert Min(5, 4) == 4
+    assert Min(-oo, -oo) is -oo
+    assert Min(-oo, n) is -oo
+    assert Min(n, -oo) is -oo
+    assert Min(-oo, np) is -oo
+    assert Min(np, -oo) is -oo
+    assert Min(-oo, 0) is -oo
+    assert Min(0, -oo) is -oo
+    assert Min(-oo, nn) is -oo
+    assert Min(nn, -oo) is -oo
+    assert Min(-oo, p) is -oo
+    assert Min(p, -oo) is -oo
+    assert Min(-oo, oo) is -oo
+    assert Min(oo, -oo) is -oo
+    assert Min(n, n) == n
+    assert unchanged(Min, n, np)
+    assert Min(np, n) == Min(n, np)
+    assert Min(n, 0) == n
+    assert Min(0, n) == n
+    assert Min(n, nn) == n
+    assert Min(nn, n) == n
+    assert Min(n, p) == n
+    assert Min(p, n) == n
+    assert Min(n, oo) == n
+    assert Min(oo, n) == n
+    assert Min(np, np) == np
+    assert Min(np, 0) == np
+    assert Min(0, np) == np
+    assert Min(np, nn) == np
+    assert Min(nn, np) == np
+    assert Min(np, p) == np
+    assert Min(p, np) == np
+    assert Min(np, oo) == np
+    assert Min(oo, np) == np
+    assert Min(0, 0) == 0
+    assert Min(0, nn) == 0
+    assert Min(nn, 0) == 0
+    assert Min(0, p) == 0
+    assert Min(p, 0) == 0
+    assert Min(0, oo) == 0
+    assert Min(oo, 0) == 0
+    assert Min(nn, nn) == nn
+    assert unchanged(Min, nn, p)
+    assert Min(p, nn) == Min(nn, p)
+    assert Min(nn, oo) == nn
+    assert Min(oo, nn) == nn
+    assert Min(p, p) == p
+    assert Min(p, oo) == p
+    assert Min(oo, p) == p
+    assert Min(oo, oo) is oo
+
+    assert Min(n, n_).func is Min
+    assert Min(nn, nn_).func is Min
+    assert Min(np, np_).func is Min
+    assert Min(p, p_).func is Min
+
+    # lists
+    assert Min() is S.Infinity
+    assert Min(x) == x
+    assert Min(x, y) == Min(y, x)
+    assert Min(x, y, z) == Min(z, y, x)
+    assert Min(x, Min(y, z)) == Min(z, y, x)
+    assert Min(x, Max(y, -oo)) == Min(x, y)
+    assert Min(p, oo, n, p, p, p_) == n
+    assert Min(p_, n_, p) == n_
+    assert Min(n, oo, -7, p, p, 2) == Min(n, -7)
+    assert Min(2, x, p, n, oo, n_, p, 2, -2, -2) == Min(-2, x, n, n_)
+    assert Min(0, x, 1, y) == Min(0, x, y)
+    assert Min(1000, 100, -100, x, p, n) == Min(n, x, -100)
+    assert unchanged(Min, sin(x), cos(x))
+    assert Min(sin(x), cos(x)) == Min(cos(x), sin(x))
+    assert Min(cos(x), sin(x)).subs(x, 1) == cos(1)
+    assert Min(cos(x), sin(x)).subs(x, S.Half) == sin(S.Half)
+    raises(ValueError, lambda: Min(cos(x), sin(x)).subs(x, I))
+    raises(ValueError, lambda: Min(I))
+    raises(ValueError, lambda: Min(I, x))
+    raises(ValueError, lambda: Min(S.ComplexInfinity, x))
+
+    assert Min(1, x).diff(x) == Heaviside(1 - x)
+    assert Min(x, 1).diff(x) == Heaviside(1 - x)
+    assert Min(0, -x, 1 - 2*x).diff(x) == -Heaviside(x + Min(0, -2*x + 1)) \
+        - 2*Heaviside(2*x + Min(0, -x) - 1)
+
+    # issue 7619
+    f = Function('f')
+    assert Min(1, 2*Min(f(1), 2))  # doesn't fail
+
+    # issue 7233
+    e = Min(0, x)
+    assert e.n().args == (0, x)
+
+    # issue 8643
+    m = Min(n, p_, n_, r)
+    assert m.is_positive is False
+    assert m.is_nonnegative is False
+    assert m.is_negative is True
+
+    m = Min(p, p_)
+    assert m.is_positive is True
+    assert m.is_nonnegative is True
+    assert m.is_negative is False
+
+    m = Min(p, nn_, p_)
+    assert m.is_positive is None
+    assert m.is_nonnegative is True
+    assert m.is_negative is False
+
+    m = Min(nn, p, r)
+    assert m.is_positive is None
+    assert m.is_nonnegative is None
+    assert m.is_negative is None
+
+
+def test_Max():
+    from sympy.abc import x, y, z
+    n = Symbol('n', negative=True)
+    n_ = Symbol('n_', negative=True)
+    nn = Symbol('nn', nonnegative=True)
+    p = Symbol('p', positive=True)
+    p_ = Symbol('p_', positive=True)
+    r = Symbol('r', real=True)
+
+    assert Max(5, 4) == 5
+
+    # lists
+
+    assert Max() is S.NegativeInfinity
+    assert Max(x) == x
+    assert Max(x, y) == Max(y, x)
+    assert Max(x, y, z) == Max(z, y, x)
+    assert Max(x, Max(y, z)) == Max(z, y, x)
+    assert Max(x, Min(y, oo)) == Max(x, y)
+    assert Max(n, -oo, n_, p, 2) == Max(p, 2)
+    assert Max(n, -oo, n_, p) == p
+    assert Max(2, x, p, n, -oo, S.NegativeInfinity, n_, p, 2) == Max(2, x, p)
+    assert Max(0, x, 1, y) == Max(1, x, y)
+    assert Max(r, r + 1, r - 1) == 1 + r
+    assert Max(1000, 100, -100, x, p, n) == Max(p, x, 1000)
+    assert Max(cos(x), sin(x)) == Max(sin(x), cos(x))
+    assert Max(cos(x), sin(x)).subs(x, 1) == sin(1)
+    assert Max(cos(x), sin(x)).subs(x, S.Half) == cos(S.Half)
+    raises(ValueError, lambda: Max(cos(x), sin(x)).subs(x, I))
+    raises(ValueError, lambda: Max(I))
+    raises(ValueError, lambda: Max(I, x))
+    raises(ValueError, lambda: Max(S.ComplexInfinity, 1))
+    assert Max(n, -oo, n_,  p, 2) == Max(p, 2)
+    assert Max(n, -oo, n_,  p, 1000) == Max(p, 1000)
+
+    assert Max(1, x).diff(x) == Heaviside(x - 1)
+    assert Max(x, 1).diff(x) == Heaviside(x - 1)
+    assert Max(x**2, 1 + x, 1).diff(x) == \
+        2*x*Heaviside(x**2 - Max(1, x + 1)) \
+        + Heaviside(x - Max(1, x**2) + 1)
+
+    e = Max(0, x)
+    assert e.n().args == (0, x)
+
+    # issue 8643
+    m = Max(p, p_, n, r)
+    assert m.is_positive is True
+    assert m.is_nonnegative is True
+    assert m.is_negative is False
+
+    m = Max(n, n_)
+    assert m.is_positive is False
+    assert m.is_nonnegative is False
+    assert m.is_negative is True
+
+    m = Max(n, n_, r)
+    assert m.is_positive is None
+    assert m.is_nonnegative is None
+    assert m.is_negative is None
+
+    m = Max(n, nn, r)
+    assert m.is_positive is None
+    assert m.is_nonnegative is True
+    assert m.is_negative is False
+
+
+def test_minmax_assumptions():
+    r = Symbol('r', real=True)
+    a = Symbol('a', real=True, algebraic=True)
+    t = Symbol('t', real=True, transcendental=True)
+    q = Symbol('q', rational=True)
+    p = Symbol('p', irrational=True)
+    n = Symbol('n', rational=True, integer=False)
+    i = Symbol('i', integer=True)
+    o = Symbol('o', odd=True)
+    e = Symbol('e', even=True)
+    k = Symbol('k', prime=True)
+    reals = [r, a, t, q, p, n, i, o, e, k]
+
+    for ext in (Max, Min):
+        for x, y in it.product(reals, repeat=2):
+
+            # Must be real
+            assert ext(x, y).is_real
+
+            # Algebraic?
+            if x.is_algebraic and y.is_algebraic:
+                assert ext(x, y).is_algebraic
+            elif x.is_transcendental and y.is_transcendental:
+                assert ext(x, y).is_transcendental
+            else:
+                assert ext(x, y).is_algebraic is None
+
+            # Rational?
+            if x.is_rational and y.is_rational:
+                assert ext(x, y).is_rational
+            elif x.is_irrational and y.is_irrational:
+                assert ext(x, y).is_irrational
+            else:
+                assert ext(x, y).is_rational is None
+
+            # Integer?
+            if x.is_integer and y.is_integer:
+                assert ext(x, y).is_integer
+            elif x.is_noninteger and y.is_noninteger:
+                assert ext(x, y).is_noninteger
+            else:
+                assert ext(x, y).is_integer is None
+
+            # Odd?
+            if x.is_odd and y.is_odd:
+                assert ext(x, y).is_odd
+            elif x.is_odd is False and y.is_odd is False:
+                assert ext(x, y).is_odd is False
+            else:
+                assert ext(x, y).is_odd is None
+
+            # Even?
+            if x.is_even and y.is_even:
+                assert ext(x, y).is_even
+            elif x.is_even is False and y.is_even is False:
+                assert ext(x, y).is_even is False
+            else:
+                assert ext(x, y).is_even is None
+
+            # Prime?
+            if x.is_prime and y.is_prime:
+                assert ext(x, y).is_prime
+            elif x.is_prime is False and y.is_prime is False:
+                assert ext(x, y).is_prime is False
+            else:
+                assert ext(x, y).is_prime is None
+
+
+def test_issue_8413():
+    x = Symbol('x', real=True)
+    # we can't evaluate in general because non-reals are not
+    # comparable: Min(floor(3.2 + I), 3.2 + I) -> ValueError
+    assert Min(floor(x), x) == floor(x)
+    assert Min(ceiling(x), x) == x
+    assert Max(floor(x), x) == x
+    assert Max(ceiling(x), x) == ceiling(x)
+
+
+def test_root():
+    from sympy.abc import x
+    n = Symbol('n', integer=True)
+    k = Symbol('k', integer=True)
+
+    assert root(2, 2) == sqrt(2)
+    assert root(2, 1) == 2
+    assert root(2, 3) == 2**Rational(1, 3)
+    assert root(2, 3) == cbrt(2)
+    assert root(2, -5) == 2**Rational(4, 5)/2
+
+    assert root(-2, 1) == -2
+
+    assert root(-2, 2) == sqrt(2)*I
+    assert root(-2, 1) == -2
+
+    assert root(x, 2) == sqrt(x)
+    assert root(x, 1) == x
+    assert root(x, 3) == x**Rational(1, 3)
+    assert root(x, 3) == cbrt(x)
+    assert root(x, -5) == x**Rational(-1, 5)
+
+    assert root(x, n) == x**(1/n)
+    assert root(x, -n) == x**(-1/n)
+
+    assert root(x, n, k) == (-1)**(2*k/n)*x**(1/n)
+
+
+def test_real_root():
+    assert real_root(-8, 3) == -2
+    assert real_root(-16, 4) == root(-16, 4)
+    r = root(-7, 4)
+    assert real_root(r) == r
+    r1 = root(-1, 3)
+    r2 = r1**2
+    r3 = root(-1, 4)
+    assert real_root(r1 + r2 + r3) == -1 + r2 + r3
+    assert real_root(root(-2, 3)) == -root(2, 3)
+    assert real_root(-8., 3) == -2.0
+    x = Symbol('x')
+    n = Symbol('n')
+    g = real_root(x, n)
+    assert g.subs({"x": -8, "n": 3}) == -2
+    assert g.subs({"x": 8, "n": 3}) == 2
+    # give principle root if there is no real root -- if this is not desired
+    # then maybe a Root class is needed to raise an error instead
+    assert g.subs({"x": I, "n": 3}) == cbrt(I)
+    assert g.subs({"x": -8, "n": 2}) == sqrt(-8)
+    assert g.subs({"x": I, "n": 2}) == sqrt(I)
+
+
+def test_issue_11463():
+    numpy = import_module('numpy')
+    if not numpy:
+        skip("numpy not installed.")
+    x = Symbol('x')
+    f = lambdify(x, real_root((log(x/(x-2))), 3), 'numpy')
+    # numpy.select evaluates all options before considering conditions,
+    # so it raises a warning about root of negative number which does
+    # not affect the outcome. This warning is suppressed here
+    with ignore_warnings(RuntimeWarning):
+        assert f(numpy.array(-1)) < -1
+
+
+def test_rewrite_MaxMin_as_Heaviside():
+    from sympy.abc import x
+    assert Max(0, x).rewrite(Heaviside) == x*Heaviside(x)
+    assert Max(3, x).rewrite(Heaviside) == x*Heaviside(x - 3) + \
+        3*Heaviside(-x + 3)
+    assert Max(0, x+2, 2*x).rewrite(Heaviside) == \
+        2*x*Heaviside(2*x)*Heaviside(x - 2) + \
+        (x + 2)*Heaviside(-x + 2)*Heaviside(x + 2)
+
+    assert Min(0, x).rewrite(Heaviside) == x*Heaviside(-x)
+    assert Min(3, x).rewrite(Heaviside) == x*Heaviside(-x + 3) + \
+        3*Heaviside(x - 3)
+    assert Min(x, -x, -2).rewrite(Heaviside) == \
+        x*Heaviside(-2*x)*Heaviside(-x - 2) - \
+        x*Heaviside(2*x)*Heaviside(x - 2) \
+        - 2*Heaviside(-x + 2)*Heaviside(x + 2)
+
+
+def test_rewrite_MaxMin_as_Piecewise():
+    from sympy.core.symbol import symbols
+    from sympy.functions.elementary.piecewise import Piecewise
+    x, y, z, a, b = symbols('x y z a b', real=True)
+    vx, vy, va = symbols('vx vy va')
+    assert Max(a, b).rewrite(Piecewise) == Piecewise((a, a >= b), (b, True))
+    assert Max(x, y, z).rewrite(Piecewise) == Piecewise((x, (x >= y) & (x >= z)), (y, y >= z), (z, True))
+    assert Max(x, y, a, b).rewrite(Piecewise) == Piecewise((a, (a >= b) & (a >= x) & (a >= y)),
+        (b, (b >= x) & (b >= y)), (x, x >= y), (y, True))
+    assert Min(a, b).rewrite(Piecewise) == Piecewise((a, a <= b), (b, True))
+    assert Min(x, y, z).rewrite(Piecewise) == Piecewise((x, (x <= y) & (x <= z)), (y, y <= z), (z, True))
+    assert Min(x,  y, a, b).rewrite(Piecewise) ==  Piecewise((a, (a <= b) & (a <= x) & (a <= y)),
+        (b, (b <= x) & (b <= y)), (x, x <= y), (y, True))
+
+    # Piecewise rewriting of Min/Max does also takes place for not explicitly real arguments
+    assert Max(vx, vy).rewrite(Piecewise) == Piecewise((vx, vx >= vy), (vy, True))
+    assert Min(va, vx, vy).rewrite(Piecewise) == Piecewise((va, (va <= vx) & (va <= vy)), (vx, vx <= vy), (vy, True))
+
+
+def test_issue_11099():
+    from sympy.abc import x, y
+    # some fixed value tests
+    fixed_test_data = {x: -2, y: 3}
+    assert Min(x, y).evalf(subs=fixed_test_data) == \
+        Min(x, y).subs(fixed_test_data).evalf()
+    assert Max(x, y).evalf(subs=fixed_test_data) == \
+        Max(x, y).subs(fixed_test_data).evalf()
+    # randomly generate some test data
+    from sympy.core.random import randint
+    for i in range(20):
+        random_test_data = {x: randint(-100, 100), y: randint(-100, 100)}
+        assert Min(x, y).evalf(subs=random_test_data) == \
+            Min(x, y).subs(random_test_data).evalf()
+        assert Max(x, y).evalf(subs=random_test_data) == \
+            Max(x, y).subs(random_test_data).evalf()
+
+
+def test_issue_12638():
+    from sympy.abc import a, b, c
+    assert Min(a, b, c, Max(a, b)) == Min(a, b, c)
+    assert Min(a, b, Max(a, b, c)) == Min(a, b)
+    assert Min(a, b, Max(a, c)) == Min(a, b)
+
+def test_issue_21399():
+    from sympy.abc import a, b, c
+    assert Max(Min(a, b), Min(a, b, c)) == Min(a, b)
+
+
+def test_instantiation_evaluation():
+    from sympy.abc import v, w, x, y, z
+    assert Min(1, Max(2, x)) == 1
+    assert Max(3, Min(2, x)) == 3
+    assert Min(Max(x, y), Max(x, z)) == Max(x, Min(y, z))
+    assert set(Min(Max(w, x), Max(y, z)).args) == {
+        Max(w, x), Max(y, z)}
+    assert Min(Max(x, y), Max(x, z), w) == Min(
+        w, Max(x, Min(y, z)))
+    A, B = Min, Max
+    for i in range(2):
+        assert A(x, B(x, y)) == x
+        assert A(x, B(y, A(x, w, z))) == A(x, B(y, A(w, z)))
+        A, B = B, A
+    assert Min(w, Max(x, y), Max(v, x, z)) == Min(
+        w, Max(x, Min(y, Max(v, z))))
+
+def test_rewrite_as_Abs():
+    from itertools import permutations
+    from sympy.functions.elementary.complexes import Abs
+    from sympy.abc import x, y, z, w
+    def test(e):
+        free = e.free_symbols
+        a = e.rewrite(Abs)
+        assert not a.has(Min, Max)
+        for i in permutations(range(len(free))):
+            reps = dict(zip(free, i))
+            assert a.xreplace(reps) == e.xreplace(reps)
+    test(Min(x, y))
+    test(Max(x, y))
+    test(Min(x, y, z))
+    test(Min(Max(w, x), Max(y, z)))
+
+def test_issue_14000():
+    assert isinstance(sqrt(4, evaluate=False), Pow) == True
+    assert isinstance(cbrt(3.5, evaluate=False), Pow) == True
+    assert isinstance(root(16, 4, evaluate=False), Pow) == True
+
+    assert sqrt(4, evaluate=False) == Pow(4, S.Half, evaluate=False)
+    assert cbrt(3.5, evaluate=False) == Pow(3.5, Rational(1, 3), evaluate=False)
+    assert root(4, 2, evaluate=False) == Pow(4, S.Half, evaluate=False)
+
+    assert root(16, 4, 2, evaluate=False).has(Pow) == True
+    assert real_root(-8, 3, evaluate=False).has(Pow) == True
+
+def test_issue_6899():
+    from sympy.core.function import Lambda
+    x = Symbol('x')
+    eqn = Lambda(x, x)
+    assert eqn.func(*eqn.args) == eqn
+
+def test_Rem():
+    from sympy.abc import x, y
+    assert Rem(5, 3) == 2
+    assert Rem(-5, 3) == -2
+    assert Rem(5, -3) == 2
+    assert Rem(-5, -3) == -2
+    assert Rem(x**3, y) == Rem(x**3, y)
+    assert Rem(Rem(-5, 3) + 3, 3) == 1
+
+
+def test_minmax_no_evaluate():
+    from sympy import evaluate
+    p = Symbol('p', positive=True)
+
+    assert Max(1, 3) == 3
+    assert Max(1, 3).args == ()
+    assert Max(0, p) == p
+    assert Max(0, p).args == ()
+    assert Min(0, p) == 0
+    assert Min(0, p).args == ()
+
+    assert Max(1, 3, evaluate=False) != 3
+    assert Max(1, 3, evaluate=False).args == (1, 3)
+    assert Max(0, p, evaluate=False) != p
+    assert Max(0, p, evaluate=False).args == (0, p)
+    assert Min(0, p, evaluate=False) != 0
+    assert Min(0, p, evaluate=False).args == (0, p)
+
+    with evaluate(False):
+        assert Max(1, 3) != 3
+        assert Max(1, 3).args == (1, 3)
+        assert Max(0, p) != p
+        assert Max(0, p).args == (0, p)
+        assert Min(0, p) != 0
+        assert Min(0, p).args == (0, p)